El papel de la enfermera de la unidad de cuidados intensivos en la optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos
revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48492/servir0208.33029Palabras clave:
enfermería, unidades de cuidados Intensivos, resistencia bacteriana, rol de la enfermeraResumen
Introducción: Actualmente hay un aumento en las tasas de incidencia de microorganismos resistentes a los antimicrobianos. Es fundamental invertir en estrategias para promover el uso adecuado de los antimicrobianos que involucren el equipo interdisciplinario, especialmente en la persona en situación crítica.
Objetivo: Conocer el papel de la enfermera en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en la optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura usando la plataforma EBSCO Discovery Service y las bases de datos Scopus y SciELO, con los descriptores en ciencias de la salud y palabras clave. La pregunta de investigación se elaboró con la estrategia PICO y los estudios fueron seleccionados con la metodología PRISMA, aplicada por dos revisores independientes.
Resultados: 9 estudios seleccionados y analizados. Se identificaron 7 categorías: revisión de la prescripción de antimicrobianos; recogida de muestras con juicio crítico; vigilancia y seguimiento de la persona en situación crítica y administración de antimicrobianos; identificación de alergias; implementación de precauciones de aislamiento; educación para la salud; y liderazgo y comunicación.
Conclusión: Las enfermeras de las unidades de cuidados intensivos implementan intervenciones que contribuyan al uso adecuado de los antimicrobianos. Se deberían realizar más estudios que contribuyan a la definición de su papel y que potencien su integración en equipos interdisciplinares.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Marina Brandão, Patrícia Coelho
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