Evaluación de la competitividad internacional y la ventaja comparativa de los servicios europeos de viajes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57883/thij2(1)2014.30122Palabras clave:
Competitividad turística, Ventaja comparativa revelada, Servicios de viaje, Comercio de servicios, Unión EuropeaResumen
Este documento analiza la competitividad internacional y el patrón de los flujos comerciales europeos de servicios de viajes en relación con los del resto del mundo utilizando un enfoque de ventaja comparativa revelada, y datos de importación y exportación, para el periodo 2004-2012. Además, se compara el cambio estructural de los flujos comerciales entre países para determinar cómo ha afectado la crisis financiera mundial desde 2008 al estado de la competitividad exterior de las actividades turísticas y de servicios de viajes. Los resultados sugieren que la competitividad en la mayoría de los países de la UE se mantuvo estable durante el período de la muestra. Hay pocos indicios de un debilitamiento de la intensidad de la ventaja comparativa. Sin embargo, los países del sur de Europa, concretamente Grecia, Italia y Portugal, han mejorado notablemente su competitividad exterior. Los países del sur y del este de Europa presentan fuertes ventajas comparativas en los servicios de viajes, mientras que los países del norte y del oeste tienen un perfil menos competitivo. Los primeros se especializan en productos homogéneos y los segundos en servicios de viaje diferenciados, independientemente de su aparente estado de desventaja comparativa. Estos resultados implican que los responsables políticos deberían mejorar aún más sus servicios de viajes y productos turísticos, sobre todo en aquellos países que presentan una ventaja comparativa débil o nula revelada, para mejorar la competitividad y sostener el crecimiento económico.
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