A protecção do património cultural no âmbito das operações de paz
Abstract
The present study focuses on the protection of cultural property in the context of peace operations. We will approach the theme starting by the clarification of two essential concepts in the subject we intend to analyse - the notions of cultural property and peace operations. We will then observe the question of the applicability of International Humanitarian Law to the forces of the United Nations involved in peace operations, taking into account the developments in this matter; afterwards, we will consider, in particular, the possibility of application of the norms concerning the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict to the mentioned operations. Finally, reflecting on the previous analysis, we will present our conclusions about the problem dealt with in the article, an issue of great importance in current international society.
References
- ALMEIDA, Francisco Ferreira de. Direito Internacional Público. 2ª Edição. Coimbra : Coimbra Editora, 2003
- AUWERA, Sigrid Van der. Peace Operations and the Protection of Cultural Property During and After Armed Conflict. International Peacekeeping, February 2010, Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 3 – 16
- BALEIZÃO, Rui Manuel Ferreira. Os Constrangimentos Legais ao Emprego da Artilharia nas Operações em Áreas Edificadas. Revista Militar, Janeiro de 2011, N.º 2508, pp. 49 - 82 (disponível em http://www.revistamilitar.pt/artigo.php?art_id=626 – último acesso a 3 de Janeiro de 2019)
- BARBATI, Carla/CAMMELLI, Marco/SCIULLO, Girolamo (eds.). Il diritto dei beni culturali. Bologna : Il Mulino, 2003
- CARMONA, Mafalda. Conflitos armados não internacionais – em especial, o problema dos crimes de guerra. Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa, 2001, Vol. 42, N.º1, pp. 361 – 477
- CONDORELLI, Luigi, Conclusions générales. In CONDORELLI, Luigi/LA ROSA, Anne-Marie/SCHERRER, Sylvie (dir.). Les Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire / The United Nations and international humanitarian law - Actes du Colloque international à l’occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de l’ONU (Genève - 19, 20 et 21 octobre 1995). Paris : Éditions Pedone, pp. 445 – 474
- COURTEN, Jean de. Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge et l’action des Nations Unies dans les conflits armés. In CONDORELLI, Luigi/LA ROSA, Anne-Marie/SCHERRER, Sylvie (dir.). Les Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire / The United Nations and international humanitarian law - Actes du Colloque international à l’occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de l’ONU (Genève - 19, 20 et 21 octobre 1995). Paris : Éditions Pedone, pp. 339 – 344
- EMANUELLI, Claude. Les forces des Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire. In CONDORELLI, Luigi/LA ROSA, Anne-Marie/SCHERRER, Sylvie (dir.). Les Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire / The United Nations and international humanitarian law - Actes du Colloque international à l’occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de l’ONU (Genève - 19, 20 et 21 octobre 1995). Paris : Éditions Pedone, pp. 345 – 370
- GOMES, Inês de Melo e Silva. A Protecção Internacional do Património Cultural em Caso de Conflito Armado. Dissertação de Mestrado, na Área de Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas/Menção em Direito Internacional Público e Europeu, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 2015 (disponível em https://eg.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/30151/1/A%20proteccao%20internacional%20do%20patrimonio%20cultural%20em%20caso%20de%20conflito%20armado.pdf – último acesso a 3 de Janeiro de 2019)
- GREENWOOD, Christopher. International Humanitarian Law and United Nations Military Operations. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, December 1998, Vol. 1, pp. 3 – 34
- HAMPSON, Françoise. States’ military operations authorized by the United Nations and international humanitarian law. In CONDORELLI, Luigi/LA ROSA, Anne-Marie/SCHERRER, Sylvie (dir.). Les Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire / The United Nations and international humanitarian law - Actes du Colloque international à l’occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de l’ONU (Genève - 19, 20 et 21 octobre 1995). Paris : Éditions Pedone, pp. 371 – 426
- HENCKAERTS, Jean-Marie/DOSWALD-BECK, Louise (eds.). Customary International Humanitarian Law - Volume I: Rules / Volume II: Practice (Part 1/Part 2). International Committee of the Red Cross. Cambridge University Press, 2005 (disponível em https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/customary-international-humanitarian-law-i-icrc-eng.pdf – Volume I – e https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/customary-international-humanitarian-law-ii-icrc-eng.pdf – Volume II –, último acesso a 3 de Janeiro de 2019)
- KALSHOVEN, Frits. The Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict within the Framework of International Humanitarian Law. MUSEUM International, December 2005, Vol. 57, N.º 228, Issue 4, pp. 61 – 70
- MACHADO, Jónatas E. M.. Direito Internacional – Do paradigma clássico ao pós-11 de Setembro. 4ª Edição. Coimbra : Coimbra Editora, 2013
- NABAIS, José Casalta. Introdução ao Direito do Património Cultural. 2ª Edição. Coimbra : Almedina, 2010
- PALWANKAR, Umesh. Applicabilité du droit international humanitaire aux Forces des Nations Unies pour le maintien de la paix. Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge, Mai-Juin 1993, Vol. 75, N.º 801, pp. 245 – 259
- PORRETTO, Gabriele/VITÉ, Sylvain. The application of international humanitarian law and human rights law to international organisations. Centre Universitaire de Droit International Humanitaire / University Centre for International Humanitarian Law, Research Paper Series / Collection des travaux de recherche, N.º 1 / 2006 (disponível em http://www.iihl.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Application_of_IHL-and-H-rights-law.pdf – último acesso a 3 de Janeiro de 2019)
- SHRAGA, Daphna. The United Nations as an Actor Bound by International Humanitarian Law. International Peacekeeping, Summer 1998, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 64 – 81
____. UN Peacekeeping Operations: Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility for Operations-Related Damage. American Journal of International Law, April 2000, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 406 – 412
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who published in the journal agree to the following terms:
- The Authors grant the Journal the right of first publication, and other non-exclusive publishing rights, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with recognition of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (ex .: publish in an institutional repository or as a chapter in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg .: in institutional repositories or on their website) at any point before or during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and the citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
RJP does not apply submission, publication or any other fees of any nature. Its articles are open access, with the goal of disseminating scientific knowledge and the debate of legal topics in the area of Legal Sciences.