Problems of Restricting Human Rights in Civil Society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(37)2025.ic-22Keywords:
civil society, human rights, problems, limits, criminal procedure.Abstract
Considering the fact that modern civil society plays the role of the basis for the development of a democratic system, the problem of limiting rights acquires an urgent importance. The purpose of the research is to identify the main problems of the restriction of human rights within the analysis of civil society. For this, a qualitative approach was used, which included the analysis of scientific literature, news sites, and statistical reports. For the selection of studies, six inclusion criteria were used, which were related to the appropriateness of the topic and content. Using them, 38 items of scientific literature and other sources were selected for analysis. Those countries characterized by a high level of civil society development were taken into account: USA, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Turkey. The results determined that the main criteria of public society are determined by a high level of market economy, private property, democracy, openness, and participation in international organizations. The conclusions highlight that a significant number of women and men in the EU and the US reported being discriminated against in the workplace. Discrimination based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation is also a problem that significantly limits the rights of citizens.References
ALIEVA, Leila. Azerbaijan and the impact of the lack of democratisation on relations with the EU. European View [online]. 2014, 13(1), 39–48 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1865-5831. Available from: doi:10.1007/s12290-014-0292-8
BIRCHALL, David. The role of civil society and human rights defenders in corporateaccountability. In: Research Handbook on Human Rights and Business [online]. EdwardElgar Publishing, 2020, pp. 422–445 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9781786436405. Available from: doi:10.4337/9781786436405.00030
BOLLEYER, Nicole. Civil Society, CrisisExposure, and Resistance Strategies. In: Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism [online]. New York: Routledge, 2021, pp. 939–956 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9780367260569. Available from: doi:10.4324/9780367260569-68
BUYSE, Antoine. Squeezingcivicspace: restrictions on civil society organizations and the linkages with human rights. The International Journal of Human Rights [online]. 2018, 22(8), 966–988 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1744-053X. Available from: doi:10.1080/13642987.2018.1492916
BUYSE, Antoine. Why Attacks on CivicSpaceMatter in Strasbourg: The European Convention on Human Rights, Civil Society and CivicSpace. Deusto Journal of Human Rights [online]. 2019, (4), 13–37 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2603-6002. Available from: doi:10.18543/djhr-4-2019pp13-37
CARDENAS GONZALES, JoséRolando. Freedom of expression in electoralprocesses A question of limitation of rights or self-limitation of freedom of expression? CentroSur [online]. 2023, 7(2) [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2600-5743. Available from: doi:10.37955/cs.v7i2.310
CHANEY, Paul. ShrinkingCivilSpace? Exploring State and Civil Society Perspectives on the Contemporary Situation of Human Rights Defenders in SouthAsia. Journal of South Asian Development [online]. 2022, 097317412211199 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 0973-1733. Available from: doi:10.1177/09731741221119935
CHANEY, Paul. Civil Society Perspectives on Rights and Freedoms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. European Journal of East Asian Studies [online]. 2023, 22(3), 193–228 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1570-0615. Available from: doi:10.1163/15700615-02203005
COOK, Linsey. U.S. Education: Still Separate and Unequal The data showschools are still separate and unequal. [online]. 2015. [viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2015/01/28/us-education-still-separate-and-unequal
DE TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis. Democracy in America. In: The TwoNarratives of Political Economy [online]. Hoboken, NJ, USA: JohnWiley&Sons, Inc., 2011, pp. 179–207 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9781118011690. Available from: doi:10.1002/9781118011690.ch12
ETUVOATA, AnthonyEbruphihor. Towards Improved Compliance with Human Rights Decisions in the African Human Rights System: Enhancing the Role of Civil Society. Human Rights Review [online]. 2020, 21(4), 415–436 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1874-6306. Available from: doi:10.1007/s12142-020-00603-z
FIRST, Chen. Are the Laws Still Poor? Reflections on the Right to Work Limiting the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living. LSE Law Review [online]. 2023, 8(3), 322–367 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2516-4058. Available from: doi:10.61315/lselr.463
FOA, ROBERTO STEFAN, and GRZEGORZ EKIERT. The weakness of postcommunistcivil society reassessed. European Journal of Political Research [online]. 2016, 56(2), 419–439 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 0304-4130. Available from: doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12182
GELL, Marissa. Limitation of Human Rights Discourse in UsheringTransformative Change. Crossings: An UndergraduateArts Journal [online]. 2023, 3(2) [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2816-5209. Available from: doi:10.29173/crossings143
GILS, Eskevan. EU relations with Azerbaijan and the post-Soviet region over time. In: Azerbaijan and the European Union [online]. Routledge, 2019, pp. 44–67 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9780429488481. Available from: doi:10.4324/9780429488481-3
GOSZTONYI, Gergely. The Practice of Restricting Internet Access Before the European Court of Human Rights or New Tools of Political Censorship. In: Censorship from Plato to Social Media [online]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 147–156 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9783031465284. Available from: doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46529-1_10
HEINZEL, Mirko, and Mathias KOENIG-ARCHIBUGI. Harmful Side Effects: How GovernmentRestrictions against Transnational Civil Society Affect Global Health. British Journal of Political Science [online]. 2022, 1–18 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1469-2112. Available from: doi:10.1017/s0007123422000564
How Common Is Workplace Discrimination? StatistaDaily Data [online]. 2019. [viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/chart/19761/discrimination-experienced-by-respondents-in-the-workplace/
HRUZEVSKYI, Oleksandr. A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of the Military Conflict on the Distance Education System in Ukraine. E-Learning Innovations Journal [online]. 2023, 1(1), 71–87 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2957-2207. Available from: doi:10.57125/elij.2023.03.25.04
ILLMEIER, Gertraud, Daniela MUSSNIG, and Franjo STEINER. On the Significance of Civil Society for LiberalDemocracy – Perspectives from the Caucasus, South-Eastern and Central Europe. DerDonauraum [online]. 2020, 60(4), 41–58 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2307-289X. Available from: doi:10.7767/dedo.2020.60.4.41
KAMEL, Islam. The role of robotics and automation in surgery: critical review of current and emerging technologies. Futurity Medicine [online]. 2023, 2(1), 23–35[viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: doi: 10.57125/FEM.2023.03.30.03
KHALYMON, Serhiy, Vadym POLOVNIKOV, and Pavlo VOLYNETS. Socio-psychological Profile of a Person Who Confidentially Provides Assistance to the OperationalUnit. AnuariodePsicologíaJurídica [online]. 2020, 30(1), 13–20 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2174-0542. Available from: doi:10.5093/apj2019a10
LIN, Feng. The TwoPhilosophicalThoughts of Pluralism – Hegel and Wittgenstein'sReflections on Pluralism. Futurity Philosophy [online]. 2024, 3(1), 4–22 [viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: doi:10.57125/fp.2024.03.30.01
LOMAKA, Victoria, Ivan YAKOVIYK, and Yevhen BILOUSOV. Europeanisation and Its Impact on CandidateCountries for EU Membership: A View from Ukraine. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe [online]. 2023, 6(2), 59–81 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2663-0583. Available from: doi:10.33327/ajee-18-6.2-a000221
LORCH, Jasmin. Civil Society Between Repression and Cooptation: Adjusting to ShrinkingSpace in Cambodia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs [online]. 2023, 42(3), 395–420 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1868-4882. Available from: doi:10.1177/18681034231214397
LUCIANI, Laura. Navigating a ‘ShrinkingSpace’: Selective In/Visibilities and EU Engagement with Civil Society in Azerbaijan. Europe-Asia Studies [online]. 2023, 1–24 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1465-3427. Available from: doi:10.1080/09668136.2023.2267196
MARSZAŁEK-KAWA, Joanna, and Kateryna HOLOVKO. Limitations of Human and Civil Rights in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Activity of the State and Law. Bratislava Law Review [online]. 2023, 7(1), 89–100 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2644-6359. Available from: doi:10.46282/blr.2023.7.1.339
NATIL, Ibrahim. Introducing barriers to effective civil society organisations. In: Barriers to Effective Civil Society Organisations [online]. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020, pp. 9–19 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9781003053040. Available from: doi:10.4324/9781003053040-2
PROKOPENKO, Olha. Experience of Implementing E-Learning to Support the Educational Process in EU Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Review. E-Learning Innovations Journal [online]. 2023, 1(1), 55–70 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2957-2207. Available from: doi:10.57125/elij.2023.03.25.03
REYES MENENDEZ, Valeria. The Role of Civil Society in National Human Rights Protection Systems. In: A Global Handbook on National Human Rights Protection Systems [online]. Brill | Nijhoff, 2023, pp. 42–55 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISBN 9789004535046. Available from: doi:10.1163/9789004535053_004
REZVOROVYCH, Krystyna, et al. Application of law as a special form of its implementation: trends for the future. Futurity Economics&Law [online]. 2023, 3(1), 28–35 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2956-4476. Available from: doi:10.57125/fel.2023.03.25.03
SAYED, Ruslan. ExploringCulturalInfluences on Project Management Approaches in Global Business Development. Futurity of Social Sciences [online]. 2023, 1(4), 38–60 [viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: doi:10.57125/fs.2023.12.20.02
Self-perceived discrimination at work - statistics - StatisticsExplained. Language selection | European Commission [online].2021. [viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Self-perceived_discrimination_at_work_-_statistics
SMIDT, Hannah, Jessica JOHANSSON, and Thomas RICHTER. Civil Society Under Attack: The Consequences for HorizontalAccountability Institutions. Studies in Comparative International Development [online]. 2024 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 1936-6167. Available from: doi:10.1007/s12116-023-09423-x
TRAN, Kien, and KhoiTrong DAO. “Desperate times, desperatemeasures”: an appraisal on Vietnameselaw’slimitation of rights in the COVID-19 crisis. Cogent Social Sciences [online]. 2024, 10(1) [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2331-1886. Available from: doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2350558
WIDYANTI, YennyEta. HUMAN RIGHTS AND INDONESIAN LEGAL PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS: A Comparative Study in Kenya and SouthAfrica. Jurisdictie: JurnalHukumdanSyariah [online]. 2024, 14(2), 315–334 [viewed 30 July 2024]. ISSN 2528-3383. Available from: doi:10.18860/j.v14i2.24318
ZAITSEV, Serhii.The role of managementaccounting in the sustainable development of smallenterprises: an analytical review of challenges and opportunities. Law, Business and Sustainability Herald [online]. 2023, 3(1), 33–45 [viewed 30 July 2024]. Available from: https://lbsherald.org/index.php/journal/article/view/42
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Matanat ASGAROVA, Mehriban Eldar Kizi BABAKHANOVA

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who published in the journal agree to the following terms:
- The Authors grant the Journal the right of first publication, and other non-exclusive publishing rights, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with recognition of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (ex .: publish in an institutional repository or as a chapter in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg .: in institutional repositories or on their website) at any point before or during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and the citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
RJP does not apply submission, publication or any other fees of any nature. Its articles are open access, with the goal of disseminating scientific knowledge and the debate of legal topics in the area of Legal Sciences.