Police Deviance and Corruption in the United States and in Portugal: Identifying Criminological Trends and Theoretical Explanations

James F. ALBRECHT; Gonçalo  S. de MELO BANDEIRA

Autores/as

James F. ALBRECHT Pace University - New York https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-5488
Gonçalo S. de MELO BANDEIRA Escola Superior de Gestão do Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-4023

Palabras clave:

Policía, Corrupción, Criminología, Ética, Estados Unidos, Portugal

Resumen

La aplicación de la ley se considera una profesión noble en muchos países democráticos. De vez en cuando, sin embargo, se ha observado a varios agentes de policía participando en actividades corruptas, criminales y abusivas. Desafortunadamente, cuando Transparencia Internacional realizó una encuesta anual reciente para identificar qué instituciones consideraba el público como las más corruptas, la policía y los funcionarios gubernamentales electos se consideraron los más desviados de todas las entidades públicas. Aproximadamente el 36% de las personas en todo el mundo respondieron que percibían a la policía como muy corrupta. Las recientes manifestaciones públicas que exigen una reforma policial en todo el mundo y, lo que es más inquietante, los llamamientos para "desfinanciar a la policía" en muchas de las principales ciudades estadounidenses son otro indicio de que la desviación de la policía es una preocupación importante a nivel internacional. Para comprender mejor las teorías sociológicas asociadas con la desviación policial y las tendencias y patrones relacionados experimentados en los Estados Unidos y Portugal, dos democracias occidentales muy respetadas, estos fenómenos serán delineados y contrastados. Después de establecer una tipología clara para la desviación policial, se identificarán explicaciones criminológicas para categorías específicas de mala conducta. La comprensión integral resultante de los fundamentos subyacentes de estos actos inaceptables de mala conducta policial dará como resultado recomendaciones prácticas detalladas para mejorar la conducta ética y el profesionalismo dentro del campo crítico de la policía pública.

Biografía del autor/a

James F. ALBRECHT, Pace University - New York

Prof. JAMES F. ALBRECHT served in the EU Rule of Law (EULEX) Mission in Kosovo as Police Chief in charge of criminal investigations from 2007 through 2010. Jim is also a 22-year veteran of the NYPD who retired as Commanding Officer of NYPD Transit Bureau District 20. Captain Albrecht was a first responder and incident command staff manager at the 11. September 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City. He possesses different Master’s Degrees in Criminal Justice, Human Physiology, and History and will receive his PhD in Criminal Justice from the University of New Haven. Jimmy is a Criminal Justice and Homeland Security Professor at Pace University in New York City. Jim is the editor and co-author of several books, including “Effective Crime Reduction Strategies: International Perspectives;” “Policing Major Events: Perspective from Across the World;” “Police Reserves and Volunteers: Enhancing Police Effectiveness and Public Trust;” “Police Brutality, Misconduct, and Corruption: Criminological Explanations and Policy Implication,” “Policing and Minority Communities,” and “Effective Police Service Delivery: Contemporary Issues and Global Perspectives.”

Gonçalo S. de MELO BANDEIRA, Escola Superior de Gestão do Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave

Doctor en Ciencias Jurídicas y Penales por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Coimbra (2009). Máster en Derecho Público por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Portugal (2003). Licenciado en Derecho por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Coimbra. Profesor Adjunto de Derecho Público en la Escuela (Estatal) de Gestión del Instituto Politécnico de Cávado e Ave (IPCA) - Educación Superior Pública de Portugal. Investigador del Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas Aplicadas (CIJA), 2009-2017. Colabora con varias universidades portuguesas y extranjeras. Entre 2009 y 2013 fue profesor invitado en la Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique. Investigador en el Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und Internationales Strafrecht, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Wüttemberg, Deutschland-Germany, en 2005, 2006 y 2011. Profesor e investigador invitado en varias Instituciones Brasileñas de Educación Superior Pública, Privada y Cooperativa. Tiene varias publicaciones en Portugal y en el extranjero. Sus trabajos versan principalmente sobre Derechos Fundamentales, Derecho Penal Económico, Social y Financiero, incluido el ciberdelito. Colabora con la prensa escrita.

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