A Retirada Unilateral de uma Notificação de Saída e o Silenciamento da União Europeia
Résumé
Este artigo pretende analisar a questão relativamente à possibilidade de um Estado-membro da União Europeia revogar a sua notificação de retirada. A questão é pertinente em virtude de estarmos a assistir ao desenrolar do “Brexit” e pelo facto de em dezembro 2018 o Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia ter decidido uma questão prejudicial – Processo C-621/18 Wightman and Others v. Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union – que pretendia saber se o Reino Unido podia retirar unilateralmente a sua notificação de saída à luz do Artigo 50º do Tratado da União Europeia. O problema deriva do facto daquele preceito não resolver a questão e haver uma multiplicidade de interpretações acerca da validade de uma eventual alteração de posicionamento de um Estado-membro. A solução a dar à lacuna divide a doutrina. Por um lado, existem autores que negam essa possibilidade. Por outro lado, há autores que admitem tal possibilidade e para tanto recorrem ao direito constitucional, ao direito internacional e ao direito europeu. Na sua decisão o TJUE optou pela via do Direito da União Europeia para admitir a retirada unilateral de uma notificação de saída sem qualquer tipo de restrição. No entanto, tal entendimento silencia a União Europeia.
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