Standards for Ensuring the Legality of Covert Activities in Criminal Proceedings Through the Prism of European Court of Human Rights

Oksana KAPLINA; Anush TUMANYANTS; Iryna KRYTSKA

doi:10.34625/issn.2183-2705(34)2023.ic-11

Autores

Oksana KAPLINA Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-673X
Anush TUMANYANTS Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-8436
Iryna KRYTSKA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-4582

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(34)2023.ic-11

Palavras-chave:

Processo penal; instrução do processo; atividade encoberta; atividades encobertas de investigação, atividade de busca operacional, ações investigativas, posição jurídica do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos, análise comparativa.

Resumo

O artigo trata da implementação de actividades encobertas em processos penais através do prisma de actos internacionais, decisões do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a jurisprudência relevante do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem (em especial, sobre a aplicação do artigo 8.º da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem no contexto de acções encobertas no âmbito de processos penais) e, nesta base, identificar as normas para a realização de acções de investigação encobertas e determinar o impacto destas normas na legislação de determinados países europeus. A base filosófica geral do estudo foi constituída por abordagens axiológicas e hermenêuticas. Em particular, a primeira permitiu efetuar uma análise de valor do direito humano fundamental à privacidade e avaliar o impacto das actividades de investigação encobertas em processos penais na sua implementação. Entretanto, a segunda permitiu aplicar um estudo e uma interpretação aprofundados dos textos jurídicos dos acórdãos do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem e da legislação de determinados Estados. Na construção do sistema de normas de ação encoberta, utilizámos o método sistémico e estrutural, bem como o método de investigação lógica e o método de modelização jurídica. A análise das posições jurídicas do TEDH permitiu destacar condicionalmente os seguintes standards para assegurar a legalidade da aplicação da atividade encoberta em processo penal: (1) previsibilidade; (2) garantia contra abusos; (3) verificabilidade; (4) exclusividade; (5) proporcionalidade da intervenção e sua conveniência; (6) inadmissibilidade de interferência tácita na comunicação de alguns sujeitos.

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