Talent policy in the public sector: Comparative analysis of the US and China and lessons learned for Vietnam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(37)2025.ic-17Palavras-chave:
talent, United States, China, comparison, attracting talent, valuing talentResumo
This article provides a comparative analysis of public sector talent policies in the United States (US) and China, focusing on extracting lessons for Vietnam. Utilizing a qualitative comparative methodology based on legal documents, policy frameworks, academic literature, and government reports, the study examines four key aspects: talent recruitment; planning and appointment; training; and treatment regimes. The analysis highlights significant differences stemming from contrasting political systems and strategic priorities, such as China's centralized, Party-influenced approach versus the US's decentralized, merit-focused system with strong non-wage benefits. While both nations prioritize talent, their strategies diverge, particularly in balancing political loyalty with meritocracy and central control with agency autonomy. The findings reveal specific legal and policy mechanisms influencing talent attraction and retention. Based on this comparison, the article concludes with actionable recommendations for Vietnam, emphasizing the need for a unified national strategy, transparent merit-based processes adapted to Vietnam's context, competitive compensation, and clear career pathways, referencing specific areas within Vietnam's existing legal framework for potential reform.
KEYWORDS: talent policy; public sector; United States; China; comparative analysis; talent recruitment; Vietnam public administration.
Referências
Amran, N. A., Ahmad H. N. & Hassan N. L. (2021). Malaysian public sector size: A comparison with other ASEAN countries, Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 11(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.32890/jbma2021.11.1.1
Adam B. Cox and Rodriguez, Cristina. (2015). The President and Immigration Law Redux. 125 Yale Law Journal, Forthcoming. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2635638
Astana Civil Service Hub. (2023). Public Sector Compensation: A Comparative Review. https://www.astanacivilservicehub.org/uploads/20230511_Remuneration_FIN.pdf
Andrew Biggs, Jason Richwine. (2011). Comparing Federal and Private Sector Compensation. American Enterprise Institute Working Paper No. 2011-02. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1991405
Alfred M. Wu. (2012). The Equal Pay Policy in China: A Preliminary Assessment, Journal of Comparative Asian Development, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/15339114.2012.720129.
Boselie, P., Thunnissen, M., (2017). Talent Management in the public sector in: Collings, D., Mellahi, K. & Cascio, W. (2017), W., The Oxford Handbook of Talent Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1080/09585192.2022.2032265
Congressional Budget Office. (2017). Comparing the Compensation of Federal and Private-Sector Employees 2011 to 2015. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52637
Du Qiongfang. (2023). Nation to recruit 39,600 civil servants in 2024 annual intake. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202310/1299896.shtml
Eva Gallardo-Gallardo, Nicky Dries, Tomas F. Gonzalez-Cruz. (2013). What is the meaning of ‘talent’ in the world of work. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), 290. 10.1016/j.hrmr.2013.08.006
IRG. (2006). A research report on the training system of civil servant in China. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-14-132.pdf
Jens Manuel Krogstad. (2017). DACA has shielded nearly 790,000 young unauthorized immigrants from deportation. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/09/01/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/
Kjeld Erik Brodsgaard & Chen Gang. (2009). China’s civil service reform: An Update. https://research.nus.edu.sg/eai/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/BB493.pdf
Leikuma-Rimicane, L., Komarova, V., Lonska, J., Selivanova-Fyodorova, N., Ostrovska, I. (2021). The role of talent in the economic development of countries in the modern world. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 9(2), 488-507. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.9.2(32)
Li Yongkang, Sun Weiyan, Bai Yang, Wang Xiaofen. (2012). U.S. Federal GS Civil Service Pay Systems and Its Enlightenment to P.R.C. International Conference on Public Management (ICPM 2012), https://doi.org/10.2991/icpm.2012.46
Liang Ma, Huangfeng Tang, Bo Yan. (2015). Public Employees’ Perceived Promotion Channels in Local China: Merit-based or Guanxi-orientated?. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 74(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12147
M. Christina Meyers, Mariana van Woerkom, Nicky Dries (2013). Talent – Innate or acquired? Theoretical considerations and their implications for talent management. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), 306-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2013.05.003
Mimi Leung and Yojana Sharma. (2023). Top civil service posts open to overseas university graduates. https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20231123175509554
Syed Soffian, S. I., Engku Ismail, E. A., Faudziah Hanim, H. F., & Hassan, H. (2011). Public sector accounting and financial management in Malaysia, Pearson Custom Publishing.
Sitompul, E., & Cipto, B. (2023). Securitizing the Unseen: Behind Trump’s Reliance on Mexico in Combating Irregular Immigration. Global Strategis, 17(2), 327–346. https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.327-346
The White House. (2024). President Joe Biden Outlines New Plans to Deliver Student Debt Relief to Over 30 Million Americans Under the Biden-Harris Administration. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/04/08/president-joe-biden-outlines-new-plans-to-deliver-student-debt-relief-to-over-30-million-americans-under-the-biden-harris-administration/
Ting Gong and Alfred M. Wu. (2012). Does Increased Civil Service Pay Deter Corruption? Evidence from China. Review of Public Personnel Administration 32(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X1243824.
Nguyễn Thu Thủy. (2020). Chính sách thu hút nhân tài của Chính phủ Hoa Kỳ và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt Nam. Tạp chí Quản lý và Kinh tế quốc tế, 12. https://tapchi.ftu.edu.vn/
US Congress (2021), H.R.6104 - Building the Next Generation of Federal Employees Act. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/6104?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=2
U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board. (2004). Managing Federal Recruitment: Issues, Insights, and Illustrations. https://www.mspb.gov/studies/studies/Managing_Federal_Recruitment_Issues_Insights_and_Illustrations_253626.pdf
US Office of Personnel Management. Direct Hire Authority. https://www.mspb.gov/studies/studies/Managing_Federal_Recruitment_Issues_Insights_and_Illustrations_253626.pdf
US Office of Personnel Management. Senior Executive Service. https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/senior-executive-service/
US Office of Personnel Management. Fact Sheet: Promotions. https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/pay-administration/fact-sheets/promotions/
United States Government Accountability Office. (2014). Human Capital – Agencies should more fully evaluate the costs and benefits of executive training. Report to the Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-14-132.pdf
Viện Ngôn ngữ học. (2003). Từ điển tiếng Việt, NXB. Đà Nẵng.
Viện Khoa học xã hội Trung quốc. (2005), Từ điển Hán ngữ hiện đại.
World Bank. (2022). Population, total United States. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
World Bank. (2022). Population, total China. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=US-CN
World Economic Forum. (2012). The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
Wang Yiran, Fan Quaojia, Wang Xintong, Caixin. (2022). Fresh graduates in China flock to government, state firms. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Caixin/Fresh-graduates-in-China-flock-to-government-state-firms
Wang, Huiyao. (2011). China’s National Talent Plan: Key Measures and Objectives. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1828162
Yadong Luo. (1997). Guanxi: Principles, Philosophies, and Implications. Human Systems Management, 16(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/HSM-1997-16106
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 võ anh nguyễn
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores conservam os direitos de autor e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite a partilha do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir o seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
A RJP não aplica taxas de submissão, publicação ou de qualquer outra natureza, sendo os artigos publicados em acesso livre e aberto, com a missão de difusão do conhecimento científico e o debate de temas jurídicos na área das Ciências Jurídicas.
