As Políticas Emocionais de Segurança na Gestão Migratória da UE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(39.1)2026.ic-5Palavras-chave:
Securitisation; Migration; Borders; Emotions; Discourse AnalysisResumo
Este artigo explora a securitização das migrações na UE através da lente das emoções, revisitando a teoria da securitização à luz da viragem emocional nas Relações Internacionais. Focando-se especificamente no papel das emoções nos atos de discurso, analisa como as expressões afetivas contribuem para a formulação e legitimação de políticas de segurança extraordinárias. O estudo empírico centra-se em dois períodos-chave: a crise dos refugiados de 2015–2016 e a implementação do Pacto da UE sobre Migração e Asilo em 2023–2024, investigando como a construção emocional dos migrantes enquanto ameaças à segurança evoluiu nos discursos da Comissão Europeia e nas políticas fronteiriças correspondentes. Situada na interseção dos estudos críticos de segurança, estudos de fronteira e sociologia das emoções, a investigação recorre à análise de discurso com foco nas emoções para mostrar como a construção afetiva da migração como ameaça à segurança legitima medidas restritivas. O estudo conclui que o medo, a piedade e a compaixão são narrativas recorrentes, moldando a representação dos migrantes não apenas em momentos de crise, mas também em períodos de governação rotineira. Estas emoções funcionam, portanto, como condições de possibilidade para a securitização da migração e a formulação de políticas fronteiriças da UE de forma contínua.
Referências
AHMED, Sara. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Second Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014. ISBN 9789748691135
ARADAU, Claudia. The perverse politics of four-letter words: Risk and pity in the securitisation of human trafficking. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 2004, 33(2), pp. 251–277. ISSN 0305-8298
ARIFFIN, Yohan. Assessing the Role of Emotives in International Relations. In: ARIFFIN, Yohan; COICAUD, Jean-Marc; and POPOVSKI, Vesselin. Emotions in International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021, pp. 207–220. ISBN 9781316286838
BALZACQ, Thierry. Securitization Theory: How Security Problems Emerge and Dissolve. Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2011. ISBN 0-203-86850-1
BIGO, Didier. The (in)securitization practices of the three universes of EU border control: Military/Navy – border guards/police – database analysts. Security Dialogue, 2014, 45(3), pp. 209–225. ISSN 0967-0106. DOI: 10.1177/0967010614530459
BLANC, Emmanuelle. The EU in Motion Through Emotions: Fear and Migration Policy in the Euro-Mediterranea Context. Mediterranean Politics, 2023, 30(1), pp. 1-26. ISSN 1362-9395. DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2023.2265258
BLEIKER, Roland, and Emma HUTCHINSON. Fear no more: Emotions and world politics. Review of International Studies, 2008, 34(S1), pp. 115–135. ISSN 0260-2105. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210508007821
BUZAN, Barry and HANSEN, Lene. The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780521694223
BUZAN, Barry and WÆVER, Ole. Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 9780511491252
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national [online]. Official Journal of the European Union, L 050, 25 February 2003, pp. 1–10 [viewed 26 August 2025]. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0343
CRAWFORD, Neta C. The passion of world politics: Propositions on emotion and emotional relationships. International Security, 2000, 24(4), pp. 116–156. ISSN 0162-2889. DOI: 10.1162/016228800560327
DE GENOVA, Nicholas. Introduction: The Borders of “Europe” and the European Question. In: DE GENOVA Nicholas. The Borders of “Europe”: Autonomy of Migration, Tactics of Bordering. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017, pp. 1-35. ISBN 9780822369188
DE HAAS, Hein. Changing the migration narrative: On the power of discourse, propaganda and truth distortion. International Migration Institute Working Paper [online]. May 2024, vol. 181, pp. 1-25 [Accessed 28 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.migrationinstitute.org/publications/changing-the-migration-narrative-on-the-power-of-discourse-propaganda-and-truth-distortion
DE VRIES, Leonie Ansems. and GUILD, Elspeth. Seeking Refuge in Europe: Spaces of Transit and the Violence of Migration Management.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2019, 45(12), pp. 2156-2166. ISSN 1369-183X. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1468308
DIAS, Vanda Amaro. & FREIRE, Maria Raquel. Insecurities in EU border management: The unintended consequences of securitization processes in the Mediterranean. Methaodos Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 2022, 10(2), pp. 297–311. ISSN 2340-8413. DOI: 10.17502/mrcs.v10i2.561
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Commissioner Johansson’s Opening Statement – European Parliament Plenary Debate on Search and Rescue in the Mediterranean [online]. 12 July 2023 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_3822
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Commissioner Johansson’s Opening Statement – European Parliament Plenary Debate on Search and Rescue in the Mediterranean [online]. 12 July 2023 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_3822
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Commissioner Johansson’s video message at the Med 5 Ministerial Summit on Migration[online]. 7 October 2023 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_4801
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Conclusions of the European Council meeting of 15 October 2015 and the Leader’s Meeting on refugee flows along the Western Balkan route of 25 October 2015 – Speech by President Juncker at the European Parliament plenary session [online]. 27 October 2015 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_5935
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Conclusions of the European Council meeting of 15 October 2015 and the Leader’s Meeting on refugee flows along the Western Balkan route of 25 October 2015 – Speech by President Juncker at the European Parliament plenary session [online]. 27 October 2015 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_5935
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Keynote Speech by Commissioner Avramopoulos at the 2016 Harvard European Conference: Europe at the Crossroads of the Migration and Security Crises [online]. 20 February 2016 [viewed 26 August 2025]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_16_365
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Keynote speech of Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos at the first European Migration Forum [online]. 27 January 2015 [viewed 1 July 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_3781
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Managing migration better in all aspects: A European Agenda on Migration [online]. 12 May 2015 [viewed 25 August 2025]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_15_4956
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Managing migration better in all aspects: A European Agenda on Migration [online]. 12 May 2015 [viewed 25 August 2025]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_15_4956
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Migration; a joint European responsibility [online]. 19 February 2015, [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_4455
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Opening Remarks of First Vice-President Frans Timmermans and Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos at Kos Press Conference [online]. 04 September 2015 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_5595
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Pact on Migration and Asylum [online]. 21 May 2025 [viewed 25 August 2025]. Available from: https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum_en
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Remarks by Commissioner Avramopoulos following his visit to Austria [online]. 7 September 2015, para. 37 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_5605
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Remarks by Commissioner Avramopoulos on the situation in the Mediterranean at the LIBE Committee in the European Parliament [online]. 14 April 2015 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_15_4774
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Speech by Commissioner Avramopoulos at the EESC plenary debate on the European Agenda on Migration [online]. 16 March 2016 [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_16_5448
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on the review of the Spanish Presidency of the Council [online]. 13 December 2023, [viewed 20 August 2024]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_6585
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Speech of Vice-President Dombrovskis at the EP plenary on the EU-Turkey summit and the European Semester [online]. 8 March 2016 [viewed 25 August 2025]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_16_701
EUROPEAN COUNCIL. EU-Turkey statement, 18 March 2016 [online]. 18 March 2016 [viewed 25 August 2025]. Available from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/
GANZ, Aurora. Emotions and securitisation: A new materialist discourse analysis. European Journal of International Relations. 2023, 00(0), 1-26. ISSN 1354-0661. DOI: 10.1177/13540661221151038
GRAY, Harriet and FRANCK, Anja K. Refugees as/at risk: The gendered and racialized underpinnings of securitization in British media narratives. Security Dialogue, 2019, 50(3), pp. 275–291. ISSN 0967-0106. DOI: 10.1177/0967010619830590
HALL, Stuart. The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power. In: HALL, Stuart and GIEBEN, Bram. Formations of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992, pp. 275–320. 1992. ISBN 0745609600
HANSEN, Lene. Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War. London: Routledge, 2006. ISBN 9780415335751
HANSEN, Lene. Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War. London: Routledge, 2006. ISBN 9780415357029
HUYSMANS, Jef. The European Union and the securitization of migration. Journal of Common Market Studies, 2000, 38(5), pp. 751–777. ISSN 0021-9886. DOI: 10.1111/1468-5965.00263
JEANDESBOZ, Julien, and Pallister-WILKINS, Polly. Crisis, Routine, Consolidation: The Politics of the Mediterranean Migration Crisis. Mediterranean Politics, 2016, 21(2), pp. 316–320. ISSN 1362-9395. DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2016.1145825
KOSCHUT, Simon. Feeling European? The EU as an emotional community. Journal of European Integration, 2024, 46(5), pp. 597–613. ISSN 0703-6337. DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2024.2358883.
KOSCHUT, Simon. Speaking from the Heart: Emotion Discourse Analysis in International Relations. In: CLÉMENT, Maéva and SANGAR, Eric. Researching Emotions in International Relations, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, pp. 277–302. ISBN 978-3-319-65574-1
LÉONARD, Sarah and KAUNERT, Christian. De-Centring the Securitisation of Asylum and Migration in the European Union: Securitisation, Vulnerability and the Role of Turkey. Geopolitics, 2022, 27(3), pp. 729-751. ISSN 1465-0045. DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2021.1929183
MERCER, Jonathan. Emotional Beliefs. International Organization, 2010, 64(1), pp. 1–31. ISSN 0020-8183. DOI: 10.1017/S0020818309990221
MORENO-LAX, Violeta. The EU Humanitarian Border and the Securitization of Human Rights: The ‘Rescue-Through-Interdiction/Rescue-Without-Protection’ Paradigm. Journal of Common Market Studies,2018, 56(1), pp. 119-140. ISSN 0021-9886. DOI: 10.1111/jcms.12651
MÜLLER, Patrick and SLOMINSKI, Peter. Breaking the Legal Link but Not the Law? The Externalization of EU Migration Control Through Orchestration in the Central Mediterranean. Journal of European Public Policy, 2021, 28(6), pp. 801-820. ISSN 1350-1763. DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2020.1751243
PERKOWSKI, Nina; STIERL, Maurice; and BURRIDGE, Andrew. The Evolution of European Border Governance Through Crisis: Frontex and the Interplay of Protracted and Acute Crisis Narratives. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2023, 41(1), pp. 110-129. ISSN 0263-7758. DOI: 10.1177/02637758231152478
PICUM. Over 50 NGOs pen eleventh-hour open letter to EU on human rights risks in Migration Pact [online]. 18 December 2023 [viewed 20 August 2025]. Available from: https://picum.org/blog/open-letter-eu-human-rights-risks-migration-pact/
SANCHEZ SALGADO, Rosa M. Emotions in the European Union’s Decision-Making: The Reform of the Dublin System in the Context of the Refugee Crisis. Innovations: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 2022, 35(1), pp. 14-38. ISSN 1351-1610. DOI: 10.1080/13511610.2021.1968355
SAVIO VAMMEN, Idda M.; COLD-RAVNKILDE, Signe and LUCHT, Hans. Borderwork in the Expanded EU-African Borderlands. Geopolitics, 2022, 27(5), pp. 1317-1330. ISSN 1465-0045. DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2022.2008734
SMITH, Karen E. Emotions and EU Foreign Policy. International Affairs, 2021, 97(2), pp. 287-304. ISSN 0020-5850. DOI: 10.1093/ia/iiaa218
VAN RYTHOVEN, Eric. A Feeling of Unease: Distance, Emotion, and Securitizing Indigenous Protest in Canada. International Political Sociology, 2021, 15(2), pp. 251-271. ISSN 1749-5687. DOI: 10.1093/ips/olab008
VAN RYTHOVEN, Eric. Learning to feel, learning to fear? Emotions, Imaginaries, and limits in the politics of securitization. Security Dialogue, 2015 46(5), pp. 458-475. ISSN 0967-0106. DOI: 10.1177/0967010615574766
WÆVER, Ole. Politics, security, theory. Security Dialogue, 2011, 42(4-5), pp. 465-480. ISSN 0967-0106
WÆVER, Ole. Securitization and Desecuritization. In: LIPSCHUTZ, Ronnie. D. On Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995, pp. 46-87. ISBN: 9780231102711
WÆVER, Ole. The theory act: Responsibility and exactitude as seen from securitization. International Relations, 2015, 29(1), pp. 121-127. ISSN 0047-1178
WILLIAMS, Michael C. Securitization as political theory: The politics of the extraordinary. International Relations, 29(1), 2015, pp. 114–120. ISSN: 0047-1178. DOI: 10.1177/0047117814526606c
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Caio LEVY

Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores conservam os direitos de autor e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite a partilha do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir o seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
A RJP não aplica taxas de submissão, publicação ou de qualquer outra natureza, sendo os artigos publicados em acesso livre e aberto, com a missão de difusão do conhecimento científico e o debate de temas jurídicos na área das Ciências Jurídicas.



