Responsabilidade jurídica por danos ambientais causados por conflitos armados: aspectos jurídicos internacionais e nacionais (o caso da Ucrânia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(39.1)2026.ic-11Palavras-chave:
Environmental protection; armed conflict; environmental security; legal liability; environmental damage; crimes against the environmentResumo
Desde o início da invasão em grande escala da Ucrânia, a Federação Russa tem utilizado e continua a empregar diversos métodos proibidos de guerra. O desafio de garantir a proteção ambiental nas atuais condições de globalização reside na persistente negligência da comunidade internacional em relação à segurança ecológica. É necessário encontrar a abordagem interestatal mais eficaz e abrangente para reforçar a responsabilidade jurídica por danos ambientais e melhorar os mecanismos de resposta a conflitos armados. A responsabilização jurídica da Federação Russa por crimes ambientais cometidos no território da Ucrânia é uma questão de importância crítica. Isso exige uma análise jurídica aprofundada e soluções práticas, especialmente à luz de práticas judiciais frequentemente inconsistentes que variam significativamente entre jurisdições. O direito internacional não prevê a inevitabilidade da responsabilidade jurídica por danos ambientais causados durante conflitos armados. Uma condição essencial para a documentação de crimes ambientais é o envolvimento de peritos independentes, certificados internacionalmente, que possam aplicar metodologias modernas de recolha de provas e avaliação de danos, garantindo assim a verificação e credibilidade dos dados recolhidos. A plena recuperação da economia e da infraestrutura da Ucrânia só será possível após a cessação das hostilidades e a libertação dos territórios ocupados.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Viktoriia STRELNYK, Nataliia VOLCHENKO, Nataliia BONDAR, Maryna KUZNETSOVA
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