The Two-Pillar Squeeze: Media Pluralism and Anti-Gender Politics in Illiberal Rights Governance in Hungary

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(39.2)2026.ic-10

Palavras-chave:

Iliberalismo, guerras culturais, liberdade de expressão, direito à informação, regulação dos media, políticas anti-género, Hungria

Resumo

Este artigo desenvolve uma análise sistemática do modo como a governação iliberal afeta direitos fundamentais através daquilo a que chamo “compressão de dois pilares” (two-pillar squeeze). Metodologicamente, combina ciência política reflexiva com análise jurídica, seguindo estas dinâmicas em alterações constitucionais, estatutos, práticas administrativas, litigância e pressões europeias de enforcement e compliancea primazia jurídico-constitucional da liberdade de expressão e do direito de procurar, receber e transmitir informação, enfraquecendo o acesso à informação pública, a independência dos media e a capacidade prática do jornalismo e da sociedade civil atuarem como watchdogs. O segundo pilar instrumentaliza políticas anti-género — frequentemente enquadradas como “proteção de menores” e/ou moralidade pública — para justificar medidas regulatórias e administrativas que estreitam a autonomia, a vida privada, a igualdade e a não discriminação, ao mesmo tempo que expandem a discricionariedade do poder público. Utilizando a Hungria como caso crítico, o artigo mostra como estes pilares se podem reforçar mutuamente: um ambiente informacional degradado reduz escrutínio e responsabilização, facilitando a regulação moralizada, que por sua vez legitima intervenções mais amplas no espaço público. Metodologicamente, combina ciência política reflexiva com análise jurídica, seguindo estas dinâmicas em alterações constitucionais, estatutos, práticas administrativas, litigância e pressões europeias de enforcement e compliance.

Referências

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LEGISLATION

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HUNGARY. Act CIV of 2010 on the Freedom of the Press and the Fundamental Rules on Media Content. Budapest: Hungary, 9 Nov. 2010.

HUNGARY. Act CLXXXV of 2010 on Media Services and on the Mass Media. Budapest: Hungary, 30 Dec. 2010.

HUNGARY. The Fundamental Law of Hungary. Budapest: Hungary, adopted 25 Apr. 2011 (in force from 1 Jan. 2012).

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HUNGARY. Act LXXIX of 2021 on taking more severe action against paedophile offenders and amending certain Acts for the protection of children. Budapest: Hungary, passed 15 Jun. 2021; promulgated in Magyar Közlöny, no. 118, 23 Jun. 2021.

HUNGARY. Act LXXXVIII of 2023 on the Protection of National Sovereignty. Budapest: Hungary, passed 12 Dec. 2023; ordered for publication 21 Dec. 2023; in force from 22 Dec. 2023.

UNITED NATIONS. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Paris: United Nations, 10 Dec. 1948.

UNITED NATIONS. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York: United Nations, 16 Dec. 1966.

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Publicado

2026-04-27

Como Citar

FERREIRA DIAS, J. (2026). The Two-Pillar Squeeze: Media Pluralism and Anti-Gender Politics in Illiberal Rights Governance in Hungary . Revista Jurídica Portucalense, 2(39), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(39.2)2026.ic-10