Climate leadership without hegemony: normative power and Latin American middle powers in global climate governance (2010–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(40.1)2026.ic-11Palavras-chave:
Governança climática, Potências médias, Poder normativo, América Latina, Diplomacia de nichoResumo
A literatura tradicional sobre governança global pressupõe que uma liderança eficaz depende de capacidades materiais hegemónicas. Este artigo desafia essa premissa ao analisar como a Colômbia, o Chile e a Costa Rica, potências médias sem peso estrutural nas emissões ou nas finanças, exerceram influência sistémica no regime climático da UNFCCC (2010-2024). Empregando um desenho de pesquisa comparativa e rastreamento de processos, o estudo identifica três mecanismos causais de «liderança sem hegemonia»: (1) a construção de arquiteturas cognitivas por meio de coalizões (AILAC) para superar o binarismo Norte-Sul; (2) empreendedorismo normativo em nichos específicos (ODS, Nexo Oceano-Clima e Mercados de Carbono); e (3) mediação institucional durante crises do regime. Os resultados sugerem que estes atores operam sob uma lógica de «credibilidade seletiva», construindo autoridade moral no exterior, apesar de enfrentarem contradições estruturais e lacunas de implementação a nível interno. O artigo conclui que, embora o poder normativo seja eficaz para definir agendas, enfrenta um «teto de vidro material» na fase distributiva, o que valida uma síntese teórica entre o construtivismo diplomático e o realismo periférico.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Carlos Hernán GONZÁLEZ-PARIAS, Juan Camilo MESA BEDOYA, Pedro PIEDRAHITA-BUSTAMANTE, Javier JUÁREZ RODRÍGUEZ
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