Vasculite de imunoglobulina A (púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein) em Pediatria - Revisão da Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v32.i3.27759Palavras-chave:
criança, diagnóstico, epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, terapêutica, vasculite IgAResumo
A vasculite de imunoglobulina A (VIgA) é uma vasculite de pequenos vasos que afeta sobretudo crianças. As principais manifestações clínicas são exantema purpúrico, proteinúria/hematúria, artralgia e dor abdominal. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão dos dados mais recentes de epidemiologia, diagnóstico e abordagem da VIgA em pediatria.
A VIgA afeta 10 a 56 por 100.000 crianças/ano, manifestando-se inicialmente na idade média de 6 anos. Tanto fatores genéticos como ambientais contribuem para a sua patogénese, sendo que a deposição de imunocomplexos contendo imunoglobulina A1 anormalmente glicosilada desempenha um papel preponderante. Atendendo ao curso habitualmente benigno da doença, o tratamento conservador é geralmente suficiente. As complicações a curto prazo estão sobretudo relacionadas com envolvimento gastrointestinal, incluindo risco de perfuração e hemorragia. A morbilidade a longo prazo está associada a doença renal crónica e hipertensão. Os corticosteroides não estão recomendados na prevenção do envolvimento renal, mas podem ser úteis no tratamento, assim como outros fármacos imunossupressores.
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