Epidemiología de los Factores de Riesgo en el Infarto Agudo de Miocardio Con Elevación del Segmento St: Estudio Observacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI25.64.42737Palabras clave:
infarto agudo de miocardio, factores de riesgo, epidemiologíaResumen
Marco contextual: El infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCST) es la principal causa de mortalidad prematura. La identificación de los factores de riesgo es fundamental para su prevención, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento.
Objetivo: Analizar la evolución epidemiológica de los factores de riesgo en pacientes con IAMCST atendidos en un hospital del norte de Portugal entre 2014 y 2024.
Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo-correlacional.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 1420 pacientes (edad media de 65 años), en su mayoría hombres (74,3 %), con dislipidemia (63,4 %), HTA (57,4 %), tabaquismo (44,9 %), diabetes mellitus (26,6 %) y obesidade (18,5 %). Estos factores de riesgo y los antecedentes familiares de IAM presentaron asociaciones significativas con la edad y el sexo (p < 0,05), que aumentaban con la edad y eran más prevalentes en los hombres.
Conclusión: La dislipidemia y la HTA fueron los factores de riesgo más prevalentes en el período estudiado, con un aumento continuo a lo largo del tiempo. El tabaquismo y la diabetes mellitus también mostraron una tendencia al alza, aunque menos acusada.
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