The Search for a Cameroonian Model of Democracy or the Search for the Domination of the State Party: 1966-2006
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4000/cea.533Keywords:
Cameroon, Benin, Niger, Cameroonian model of democracy, state party, multiparty systemAbstract
1966 e 2006 constituem dois marcos da história política dos Camarões. Representam, respectivamente, o estabelecimento de um sistema de partido único e a passagem no parlamento de um projeto de lei que criou o órgão independente para organizar as eleições do país. O caminho seguido pelos Camarões, em termos das escolhas dos figurinos políticos, apresenta diferenças relativamente a muitos países africanos, nomeadamente o Níger e o Benim. Analisando os discursos dos jornais camaroneses e comparando-os com discursos similares no Benim e no Níger, este artigo demonstra que desde 1966 os governantes dos Camarões têm criado uma situação de “excepção” no seu método de governação, com o eventual objetivo de criar um modelo de democracia camaronês. Na realidade, o objetivo oculto tem sido o de perpetuar a dominação do partido-Estado no cenário político deste país.References
Azevedo, M. (2000). Ethnicity and democratization: Cameroon and Gabon. In Nnoli, O. (Ed.), Government and politics in Africa. A reader (pp. 355-391). Harare: AAPS Books.
Bayart, J.-F. (1978). The birth of the Ahidjo regime. In Joseph, R. (Ed.), Gaullist Africa: Cameroon under Ahmadu Ahidjo (pp. 45-65). Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers.
Bouopda, P. K. (2006). La quête de libération politique au Cameroun. 1884-1984. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Bureau Politique de l’Union Nationale Camerounaise. (1968). Ahmadou Ahidjo: Dix ans au service de la nation. Ten years in the service of the nation. Monaco: Éditions Paul Bory.
Cameroon National Union. (1976). CNU 10th Anniversary. Ahmadou Ahidjo from A to Z. Paris: Imprimerie Rotoprint.
Dimi, C.-R. (1999). La conversion vers la démocratie en Afrique: Le cas du Cameroun. Histoire et Anthropologie, 18-19, pp. 90-104.
Dossou, R. (2000). L’expérience béninoise de la Conférence nationale. Paper presented at the conference Bilan des conférences nationales et autres processus de transition démocratique, February 19-23, in Cotonou, Benin.
Eboussi-Boulaga, F. (1997). La démocratie de transit au Cameroun. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Ebune, J. B. (1992). The growth of political parties in Southern Cameroons 1916-1960. Yaoundé: CEPER.
Enonchong, H.N.A. (1967). Cameroon constitutional law: Federalism in a mixed common-law and civil-law system. Yaoundé: CEPMAE.
Gaillard, P. (1994). Ahmadou Ahidjo. Patriote et despote, bâtisseur de l’Etat camerounais. Paris: JALIVRES.
Gazibo, M. (2000). Les trajectoires africaines de démocratisation. Paper presented at the conference Bilan des conférences nationales et autres processus de transition démocratique, February 19-23, in Cotonou, Benin.
Gazibo, M. (2002). La démarche comparative binaire : Éléments méthodologiques à partir d’une analyse de trajectoires contrastées de démocratisation. Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée, 9 (3), 427-449.
DOI : 10.3917/ripc.093.0427
Gazibo, M. (2005). Les paradoxes de la démocratisation en Afrique. Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
Grémah, B. (1999). Politique nationale. D’une République à l’autre. Journal Anfani Internet Issue. In http://www.ned.org/grantees/anfani/june99/politque.html (acessed April 10, 2007).
Hugues, J.-P. (2007). Rime à la démocratisation? (16ème sommet, La Baule, 1990). In http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/afrique_1063/sommets-
afrique-france_326/prime-democratisation-16eme-sommet-baule-1990_1578.html (acessed April 10, 2007).
Kpwang, K. R. (1997). Les associations régionales à caractère traditionnel et l’évolution socio-politique du Cameroun: Le cas de l’union tribale Ntem-Kribi; des origines à 1966. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Lopes, C. (1996). The africanisation of democracy. African Journal of Political Science, 1, (2), 139-153.
Magnusson, B. (1996). Benin: Legitimating democracy. New institutions and the historical problem of economic crisis. In CEAN (Ed.), L’Afrique politique 1996. Démocratisation: Arrêts sur images (pp. 33-54). Paris: Karthala.
Ettangondop, M. (2004). Federalism in a one-party state. In Ngoh, V. J. (Ed.), Cameroon: From a federal to a unitary state, 1961-1972. A critical study (pp. 108-142). Limbe: Design House.
Mbu, A.N.T. (1993). Civil disobedience in Cameroon. Douala: Imprimerie Georges Frères.
Ngniman, Z. (1993). Cameroun. La démocratie emballée. Yaoundé: CLE.
Ngoh, V. J. (1990). Constitutional developments in Southern Cameroons. 1946-1961. From trusteeship to independence. Yaoundé: CEPER.
Ngoh, V. J. (2001). Democracy and democratisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Cameroon 1960-2000. Epasa Moto, 1 (5), 4-47.
Ouatttara, F. (2006). Kant et la problématique de la promotion de la paix. Le conflit entre l’utopie, la nécessité et la réalité de la paix durable. Unpublished Master dissertation, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. In http://www.memoireonline.com/
/11/5000/m_Kant-et-la-problematique-de-la-promotion-de-la-paix-Le-conflit-entre-lutopie-la-necessite-et8.html (accessed April 18, 2012).
Ould Ahmed Salem, Z. (2000). Gouvernance électorale et invention de la neutralité: La création de l’Observatoire national des élections (ONEL) au Sénégal. Paper presented at the conference Bilan des conférences nationales et autres processus de transition démocratique, February 19-23, in Cotonou, Benin.
Raynaut, C. & Abba, S. (1990). Trente ans d’indépendance: Repères et tendances. Politique Africaine, 38, pp. 3-39.
Joseph, R. (1986). Le mouvement nationaliste au Cameroun. Paris: Karthala.
Salifou, A. (2000). Evolution du processus démocratique nigérien de 1991 à 1999. Paper presented at the conference Bilan des conférences nationales et autres processus de transition démocratique, February 19-23, in Cotonou, Benin.
Sindjoun, L. (1997). Elections et politique au Cameroun. Concurrence déloyale, coalitions de stabilité hégémonique et politique d’affection. African Journal of Political Science, new series 2, (1), 89-121.
Sindjoun, L. (1999). Le Président de la République du Cameroun à l’épreuve de l’alternance néo-patrimoniale et de la transition démocratique. In Diop, M.-C., & Diouf, M. (Eds.), Les figures du politique en Afrique. Des pouvoirs hérités aux pouvoirs élus (pp. 62-102). Paris/Dakar: Karthala/Codesria.
Wanyande, P. (2000). Democracy and the one-party state: The African experience. In Nnoli, O. (Ed.), Government and politics in Africa. A reader (pp. 107-121). Harare: AAPS Books.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Cadernos de Estudos Africanos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
I authorize the publication of the submitted article/review of which I am the author.
I also declare that this article is original, that it has not been published in any other way, and that I exclusively assign the publication rights to the journal Cadernos de Estudos Africanos. Reproduction of the article, in whole or in part, in other publications or on other media is subject to the prior authorization of the publisher Centro de Estudos Internacionais do Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa.