Indigenous People and Customary Law in Case of Religious Rights: A Taste of Injustice from Karuhun Urang in Indonesia
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(35)2024.ic-23Mots-clés :
Indonesian Indigenous Communities, Adat Karuhun Urang (AKUR), Religious Justice, Customary Law, Sunda Wiwitan, Religious Discrimination, Right to Religious FreedomRésumé
This study examines Indonesia's Adat Karuhun Urang (AKUR) Community and their religious rights and justice struggles. The study seeks to determine how AKUR perceives and experiences religious justice injustice. This research is ethnographic and descriptive. Participatory observation and in-depth interviews with AKUR members, community leaders, and relevant parties. The project has documented AKUR's religion, culture, and social relationships. AKUR's history and religious rituals are examined in light of customary law and Sunda Wiwitan. Religious discrimination affects identity documents, schooling, and marriage for AKUR. Constitutional Court rulings and government legislation address this injustice, but religious rights and private views remain unsettled. The research examines religious rights justice through Rawls and Nozick's theories. Unfairness against AKUR violates the fundamental right to religious freedom. Nozick's philosophical relationship between religious liberty and self-ownership is also examined. According to the report, the Indonesian constitution provides religious freedom for everybody. However, the legal separation of religion and belief discriminates against AKUR. The study stresses the importance of recognizing belief as a primary religion and protecting Indigenous groups' religious rights, including religious practices and beliefs.
Références
Abdulla, Mariam Rawan. “Culture, Religion, and Freedom of Religion or Belief.” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 16, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 102–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1535033.
Arvante, Jeremy Zefanya Yaka, Maulana Fuad Nugraha, and Andrew Sergei Rostislav. “A Comparative Study of Religious Freedom Between Indonesia-Russia and Its Limitations.” Jurnal Scientia Indonesia 8, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 197–222. https://doi.org/10.15294/jsi.v8i2.36203.
AS, Enjang, Mukhlis Aliyudin, Farid Nurdin, Muhibudin Wijaya Laksana, Sitta Muslimah, and Widodo Azis. “Sunda Wiwitan: The Belief System of Baduy Indigenous Community, Banten, Indonesia.” Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 77–95. https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v5i1.8069.
Bandyopadhyay, Bosudha. Understanding Religion: Some Approaches and Attitudes. Uttar Pradesh: Blue Rose Publishers, 2023.
Bielefeldt, Heiner. “Misperceptions of Freedom of Religion or Belief.” Human Rights Quarterly 35, no. 1 (2013): 33–68.
Boyle, Kevin, and Juliet Sheen. Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report. Taylor & Francis, 2013.
Cohen-Almagor, Raphael. Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Tolerance: Essays in Honor and Memory of Yitzhak Rabin. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2009.
Colbran, Nicola. “Realities and Challenges in Realising Freedom of Religion or Belief in Indonesia.” The International Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 678–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642980903155166.
Fealy, Greg, and Ronit Ricci. Contentious Belonging. Indonesia Update Series. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2019.
Fox, Jonathan, and Shmuel Sandler. “Separation of Religion and State in the Twenty-First Century: Comparing the Middle East and Western Democracies.” Comparative Politics 37, no. 3 (2005): 317–35. https://doi.org/10.2307/20072892.
Gamin, and Fati Lazira. “Penyelesain Sengketa Ruang Hidup Masyarakat Sunda Wiwitan Di Kabupaten Kuningan.” Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v2i12017p001.
Groff, Linda, and Paul Smoker. “Spirituality, Religion, Culture, and Peace: Exploring the Foundations for Inner-Outer Peace in the Twenty-First Century.” International Journal of Peace Studies 1, no. 1 (1996): 57–113.
Gunner, Göran. “Religious Freedom as a Human Right,” 79–100. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004504967_006.
Harsyahwardhana, Shandy. “Akibat Hukum Putusan MK No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016 Tentang Judicial Review UU Administrasi Kependudukan Terhadap Penghayat Aliran Kepercayaan.” Arena Hukum 13, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 369–87. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2020.01302.10.
Haryani, Yanti. Kontribusi Ajaran Islam Tentang Hak Politik Perempuan. Palembang: Bening Media Publishing, 2021.
Henkin, Louis. “Religion, Religions, and Human Rights.” The Journal of Religious Ethics 26, no. 2 (1998): 229–39.
Hyman, Corine, and Paul J. Handal. “Definitions and Evaluation of Religion and Spirituality Items by Religious Professionals: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Religion and Health 45, no. 2 (2006): 264–82.
Indrawardana, Ira. “Berketuhanan dalam Perspektif Kepercayaan Sunda Wiwitan.” MELINTAS 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 105–18. https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v30i1.1284.105-118.
Jaspers, Karl. “Freedom and Authority.” Diogenes 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1953): 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/039219215300100103.
Jufri, Muwaffiq. “Potensi Penyetaraan Agama Dengan Aliran Kepercayaan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Yudisial 13, no. 1 (September 7, 2020): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v13i1.360.
Jufri, Muwaffiq. “Regulation Model of Religious Rights and Freedoms for Local Religious Believers in the Majapahit Constitution.” Jurnal HAM 13, no. 3 (December 22, 2022): 539–56. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2022.13.539-556.
Jufri, Muwaffiq, and Mukhlish Mukhlish. “Akibat Hukum Pemisahan Hak Beragama dengan Hak Berkepercayaan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.” Jurnal Konstitusi 16, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 274–95. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1624.
Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Khaitan, Tarunabh, and Jane Calderwood Norton. “The Right to Freedom of Religion and the Right against Religious Discrimination: Theoretical Distinctions.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1125–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moz087.
Kierkegaard, Søren. Fear and Trembling. New York: Start Publishing LLC, 2013.
Kurnia, Lilawati. “‘Seren Taun’ between Hegemony and Culture Industry Reading a Sundanese Ritual of Harvest in Cigugur, West Java.” Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 300–313. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v15i2.405.
Locke, John. The Conduct of the Understanding. London: Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1838.
Misno, Abdurrahman. “Sunda Wiwitan on Parahyang Land.” AL ALBAB - Borneo Journal of Religious Studies (BJRS) 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 77–90. https://doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v3i1.96.
Nozick, Robert. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974.
Pangestu, Ratih Dwi, and Dedy Muharman. “Misalignment of Legal Rules for Recording Marriages between Religious Couples in Indonesia.” The International Journal of Politics and Sociology Research 10, no. 4 (2023): 231–41. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijopsor.v10i4.78.
Perry, Michael J. Interrogating the Morality of Human Rights. Elgar Studies in Human Rights. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023.
Prasetyo, Agung Basuki. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Masyarakat Adat Karuhun Urang (AKUR) Di Desa Cigugur Kuningan Melalui Lembaga Peradilan.” Law, Development and Justice Review 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 72–84. https://doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v2i1.5003.
Ramstedt, Martin. “Politics of Taxonomy in Postcolonial Indonesia: Ethnic Traditions between Religionisation and Secularisation.” Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung 44, no. 3 (169) (2019): 264–89.
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition. United States: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Rayana, Jagat, Ahmad Hapidin, and Hisam Ahyani. “Tatanan Keyakinan Masyarakat Sunda Wiwitan Di Era 4.0.” Al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam 18, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v18i1.12331.
Sapir, Gidon, and Daniel Statman. “Why Freedom of Religion Does Not Include Freedom from Religion.” Law and Philosophy 24, no. 5 (2005): 467–508.
Saraswati, A. A. A. Nanda, Setiawan Wicaksono, Ranitya Ganindha, and M. Choirul Hidayat. “Restrictions of the Rights of Freedom of Religions: Comparison of Law Between Indonesia and Germany.” Indonesia Law Review 8, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 256–76. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v8n3.510.
Sari, Rafiqa, Tiara Ramadhani, and Darwance. “Marriage Appreciation Trust Viewed From Indonesian Positive Law.” Kosmik Hukum 23, no. 2 (May 11, 2023): 150–57. https://doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v23i2.17343.
Simuziya, Nsama Jonathan. “A Conceptual Analysis of How Science, Religion, and Culture Interact and Influence Each Other in Polities.” Cogent Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 2084892. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2084892.
Situmorang, Tonny Pangihutan, and Fikarwin Zuska. “Accessibility of Citizens With Parmalim Beliefs to Civil Rights in Indonesia.” Pharos Journal of Theology 104, no. 2 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.222.
Sofjan, Dicky, ed. Religion, Public Policy and Social Transformation in Southeast Asia. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: ICRS, 2016.
Taylor, Paul M., ed. “Article 18: Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion.” In A Commentary on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: The UN Human Rights Committee’s Monitoring of ICCPR Rights, 499–537. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108689458.021.
Tridewiyanti, Kunthi, Ricca Anggraeni, Suryanto Siyo, and Henri Christian Pattinaja. “Participation of Women From Indigenous Peoples in the Formation of National Law.” SASI 29, no. 2 (April 19, 2023): 269–76. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i2.1229.
Tyson, Adam. “Blasphemy and Judicial Legitimacy in Indonesia.” Politics and Religion 14, no. 1 (2021): 182–205. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048319000427.
Wardana, Khansadhia Afifah, Rahayu, and Sukirno. “Freedom of Religion and Gender Equality in Sustainable Development Agenda.” Sriwijaya Law Review 6, no. 1 (2022): 163–73. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol6.Iss1.1567.pp163-173.
Wulandari, Nopiyanti, Rudy Gunawan, and Desvian Bandarsyah. “Keberadaan Komunitas Masyarakat Adat Karuhun Urang (AKUR) dalam Pelestarian Budaya Sunda Wiwitan: Studi Kasus di Cigugur, Kuningan.” Chronologia 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 84–104. https://doi.org/10.22236/jhe.v1i2.4720.
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Tous droits réservés Kunthi TRIDEWIYANTI, Luh Rina APRIANI, Nurul MIQAT 2024
Ce travail est disponible sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
Authors who published in the journal agree to the following terms:
- The Authors grant the Journal the right of first publication, and other non-exclusive publishing rights, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with recognition of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (ex .: publish in an institutional repository or as a chapter in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg .: in institutional repositories or on their website) at any point before or during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and the citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
RJP does not apply submission, publication or any other fees of any nature. Its articles are open access, with the goal of disseminating scientific knowledge and the debate of legal topics in the area of Legal Sciences.
