Regulamentação Jurídica da Responsabilidade pela Deportação Ilegal de Crianças: Aspectos Administrativos e Penais - Experiência da Ucrânia e Normas Internacionais

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(36)2024.ic-11

Palavras-chave:

responsabilidade, crimes de guerra, deportação, crianças, legislação, conflito armado, crimes de genocídio, deslocamento ilegal (transferência)

Resumo

O artigo é dedicado à questão tópica da responsabilidade criminal pela deportação ilegal de crianças. É justificado que a deportação ilegal de crianças é particularmente preocupante, uma vez que é praticamente impossível registar e estabelecer o número total de tais casos dos territórios ocupados da Ucrânia à Rússia. O reconhecimento de tais ações ilegais na legislação penal e de outras legislações da Ucrânia é também problemática. A atenção está focada na definição da categoria jurídica “filho” nos actos regulamentares e jurídicos dos países estrangeiros, bem como nos atos internacionais. Está comprovado que os padrões internacionais e os atos jurídicos têm mecanismos claros para a protecção dos direitos das crianças contra a deslocação e a deportação iligais. Indicam também que a legislação ucraniana tem problemas graves na regulação da utilização de termos como “deportação”, “migração forçada” e “deslocamento ilegal”, bem como na definição dos critérios para distinguir entre eles. Concluiu-se que o deslocamento ilegal das crianças representa uma ameaça à segurança nacional da Ucrânia, e a questão da deportação das crianças requer um maior desenvolvimento.

Referências

CONVENTION ON CIVIL LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION of October 25, 1980. Official. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_188#Text

CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE AND ITS PUNISHMENT of December 9, 1948. Officer. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. .In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_155#Text

CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION AND IMMEDIATE MEASURES FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR No. 182: International Document No. 182 dated 17.06.1999 Official. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/993_166#Text

EUROPEAN SOCIAL SECURITY CODE (REVISED) (ETS N 139): International document dated November 6, 1990 No. ETS No. 139. Official. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_651#Text

FILATOV, Viktor. (2023). Criminal liability for illegal deportation: analysis of the draft law. Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union. Available online. In: https://www.helsinki.org.ua/articles/kryminalna-vidpovidalnist-za-nezakonnu-deportatsiiu-analiz-zakonoprioiektu/

GENEVA CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION IN TIME of War of August 12, 1949. Officer. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_154#Text

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF ALL PERSONS FROM ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE (UNOFFICIAL SUMMARY). (2012). Council of Europe. Available online. In: https://www.coe.int/uk/web/compass/convention-for-the-protection-of-all-persons-from-enforced-disappearance

IOFFE, Yulia. Forcibly Transferring Ukrainian Children to the Russian Federation: A Genocide? Journal of Genocide Research, 25(3-4), 2023. 315-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2023.2228085

Law of Ukraine. ABOUT THE COORDINATION COUNCIL FOR THE PROTECTION AND SAFETY OF CHILDREN: Decree of the President of Ukraine dated August 8, 2022 No. 568/2022. officer website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/568/2022#Text

Law of Ukraine. CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE dated April 5, 2001. Revision dated May 19, 2024. officer website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text

Law of Ukraine. ON CHILDHOOD PROTECTION: Law of Ukraine dated 04/26/2001 No. 2402-III. officer website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2402-14#Text

Law of Ukraine. ON COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING: Law of Ukraine dated September 20, 2011. Official. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. No. 3739-VI. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3739-17#Text

Law of Ukraine. ON STATE ASSISTANCE TO FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN: Law of Ukraine dated November 21, 1992 No. 2811-XII. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2811-12#Text

Law of Ukraine. ON UKRAINIAN CITIZENSHIP: Law of Ukraine dated January 18, 2001 No. 2235-III. officer website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2235-14#Text

LEHEZA, Yevhen. FILATOV, Viktor. VARAVA, Volodymyr. HALUNKO, Vira. KARTSYHIN, Dmytrо. Scientific and practical analysis of administrative jurisdiction in the light of adoption of the new code of administrative procedure of Ukraine. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. Vol. 22, Issue 5. 2019. P. 1-8. URL: https://www.abacademies.org/articles/scientific-and-practical-analysis-of-administrative-jurisdiction-in-the-light-of-adoption-of-the-new-code-of-administrative-proced-8634.html

LITVINOV, Oleksii. ORLOV, Yurii & YASHCHENKO, Andrii. Problems of criminal liability for illegal movement of persons in the context of armed conflict: scientific analysis of legislative initiatives. Bulletin of the Criminological Association of Ukraine, 28(1), 2023. 11–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32631/vca.2023.1.01

MARCONI, Claudia. LIRA, Júlia. Unmasking Forcible Displacement of Childhood: A Multidimensional Analysis of Ukrainian Children. Available online. In: https://www.e-ir.info/2023/07/12/unmasking-forcible-displacement-of-childhood-a-multidimensional-analysis-of-ukrainian-children/

MUELRATH, Lily. “Never Again” Yet Another Genocide: Russia’s Unlawful Forced Transfer and Adoption of Ukrainian Children, 41 Wis. Int'l L.J. 219 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.59015/wilj.QZEF9680

OSTROVSKA, Bohdana. Children of war: illegal deportation, forced displacement and repatriation. New Ukrainian law. 2. 2023. 60-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51989/NUL.2023.2.8

PACE ADOPTS RESOLUTION THAT RUSSIA'S DEPORTATION OF UKRAINIAN CHILDREN IS GENOCIDE. 2024. Available online. In: https://mind.ua/en/news/20256649-pace-adopts-resolution-that-russias-deportation-ofukrainian-children-is-genocide

SYNYUK, Onisia. LUNYOVA, Alyona. RASHEVSKA, Kateryna. MARTYNOVSKY, Roman. PAVLYUK, Alina. SVYRYDOVA, Darya. DOROSHENKO, Tetyana. KATRYCHENKO, Tetyana. Deportation of citizens of Ukraine from the territory of active hostilities or from the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine to the territory of the Russian Federation and the republic of Belarus: Analytical report. July 28, 2024. Available online. In https://zmina.ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/deportation_ukr.pdf

SHKURAT, Ivan. Qualification of illegal displacement, deportation of the civilian population and children in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine. Current problems of modern science in the research of young scientists, cadets and students. Vinnytsia, 2023, 603–606. Available online. In: https://dspace.univd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21776

THE ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT. officer website page of August 21, 2024. Officer. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_588#Text

TURKOVA, Ksenia. 2023. Voice of AmericaDeportation of Ukrainian children is genocide – lawyer whose lawsuit led to ICC issuing arrest warrant for Putin. Available online. In: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/ukrayina-dity-putin-henotsyd/32334810.html

UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD: International document dated November 20, 1989. Official. website page of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_021#Text

Downloads

Publicado

2024-11-15

Como Citar

LEHEZA, Y., KORNIIENKO, M. ., BEREZNIAK, V., МARIIENKO А., & RADCHUK, A. (2024). Regulamentação Jurídica da Responsabilidade pela Deportação Ilegal de Crianças: Aspectos Administrativos e Penais - Experiência da Ucrânia e Normas Internacionais . Revista Jurídica Portucalense, 257–274. https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(36)2024.ic-11

Edição

Secção

INVESTIGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA