Autoestima, metas de realização e estratégias de autoproteção: uma abordagem centrada na pessoa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.20886Palavras-chave:
Autoestima, Metas de realizaçao, Perfís motivacionais, Self-handicapping, Pessimismo defensivoResumo
Self-handicapping e pessimismo defensivo são estratégias frequentemente usadas por alunos que buscam proteger seus sentimentos de valor pessoal. Numerosos estudos demonstraram que a autoestima e as metas de realização são dois dos mais importantes preditores motivacionais dessas estratégias. No entanto, o estudo dessas relações foi realizado a partir de uma abordagem centrada na variável. A partir da identificação de diferentes perfis de alunos com base em suas características de autoestima e metas de realização (aprendizagem, ego-aproximação e ego-evasão), pretendeu-se determinar, dentro de cada perfil, o poder preditivo dessas variáveis sobre o uso de estratégias de autoproteção. Participaram do estudo 1.028 universitários, selecionados por amostragem por conveniência. Partindo da determinação de quatro perfis —(a) autoestima elevada e predomínio de metas ego; (b) autoestima elevada e predomínio de metas de aprendizagem; (c) baixa autoestima e predomínio de metas ego; e (d) baixa autoestima e metas generalizadas altas— foram realizadas análises de regressão linear (método stepwise). Os resultados mostraram que, nos dois perfis com elevada autoestima, as metas de aprendizagem foram um preditor negativo de self-handicapping. Da mesma forma, nos perfis com baixa autoestima, as metas ego-evasão (negativamente) e ambas as metas de aproximação (positivamente) mostraram-se preditores de pessimismo defensivo. Esses resultados sugerem que, para promover uma prevenção efetiva do uso de estratégias de autoproteção, é necessário conhecer as características motivacionais de cada aluno.
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