Robótica educativa para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional: Un estudio en escuela rural de Colombia
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.36792Mots-clés :
Robótica educativa, Pensamiento Computacional, Aprendizaje Activo, Escuelas Rurales, Escuela PrimariaRésumé
El propósito de este estudio es examinar el progreso de las habilidades de pensamiento computacional haciendo uso de la robótica educativa mediante actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje en estudiantes de una zona rural de Colombia. En la intervención, participaron 19 niños de tercero, cuarto y quinto de primaria, con edades entre los 7 y 12 años, contando con un solo grupo de estudiantes, construyendo y programando robots con el kit de robótica Lego Education WeDo 2.0 bajo el enfoque de aprendizaje activo “Aprender haciendo”. Se aplicó un instrumento antes y después de la implementación de un taller para recopilar datos de las habilidades observadas en los estudiantes, utilizando un muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Para determinar el avance de los estudiantes, se realizó una prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas, prueba no paramétrica, la cual reveló una mejora significativa en las habilidades de pensamiento computacional de los estudiantes de las escuelas rurales, especialmente el reconocimiento de patrones, descomposición y generalización. Para el caso del análisis de datos y pensamiento algorítmico, se evidenció un progreso más lento, teniendo en cuenta el grado de dificultad para apropiarse de conceptos totalmente nuevos y que requieren más tiempo de mediación pedagógica para lograr resultados óptimos en el proceso, tomando además en consideración, que los niños no tenían experiencia previa en programación de computadores y robótica.
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© Eva Patricia Vásquez Gómez, Jorge Enrique Quevedo Buitrago, Ana Esperanza Merchán Hernández, Diego Orlando Méndez Pineda 2025
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