Effect of different resistance training programs on Phase angle in young adults: a scoping review

Abstract

This scoping review explored the effect of different strength training (ST) programs on Phase Angle (PhA), a marker of cellular health, in healthy young adults. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus until April 2025, following the PRISMA framework (PICOS) for longitudinal controlled trials with healthy adults (18-35 years) undergoing ST (dynamic/isometric) for at least 4 weeks. Of 8722 records, four studies were included, revealing variable immediate effects of ST on PhA (increases, decreases, and no significant changes). The synthesised evidence suggests, however, that ST protocols with higher training volumes and intensities may be associated with more favourable long-term changes in PhA. It is concluded that, although ST with higher volume and intensity may be beneficial, the immediate effects on PhA are variable. Modalities such as low-load blood flow restriction training or low-frequency isometric training may not improve, or may even decrease, PhA in the short term. Given the scarcity and heterogeneity of studies, this review is exploratory, and further research is needed to optimise PhA through ST in young adults.