Educação Para a Saúde Baseada em Evidências
Keywords:
medicina baseada na evidência, saúde pública, educação para a saúdeAbstract
Este artigo descreve a forma como o conceito
“evidência” evoluiu na área da saúde e os princípios e
metodologias adotados na sua exploração, especialmente na
educação para a saúde. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases
de dados Pubmed/Medline para identificar publicações
originais, editoriais e artigos de revisão sobre a temática em
estudo, com recurso às seguintes palavras-chave, “health
education”, “evidence based medicine”, “evidence based
public health”, “health promotion”, “evidence based health
promotion”.
A utilização do termo “evidência” tornou-se corrente
no âmbito do debate em saúde pública e na avaliação das
práticas clínicas, em particular na área da prevenção e
promoção da saúde. A medicina baseada na evidência consiste
numa abordagem que visa integrar o conhecimento clínico
individual com a melhor evidência disponível resultante de
uma investigação sistemática.
A abordagem baseada na evidência alargou-se,
gradualmente, a outras esferas, desde a saúde pública, às
intervenções comunitárias, passando pela educação para a
saúde. Assim, surgiram novos conceitos como a saúde pública
ou promoção da saúde baseada na evidência. No entanto,
novos desafios se colocam quando se pretende explorar o
efeito de intervenções nas comunidades, envolvendo novas
abordagens na exploração da melhor evidência disponível.
O debate sobre a promoção e educação para saúde
baseada na evidência tem-se centrado em duas questões
essenciais: qual o tipo de evidência que deve ser explorada de
forma a estabelecer a sua efetividade e quais as metodologias
mais adequadas na exploração dessas evidências.
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