Research and Publication Ethics Policies
RESEARCH
POLICY FOR IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING ALLEGATIONS OF RESEARCH MISCONDUCT
Submitted articles must be original and not include manipulated data, plagiarism, citation manipulation, or data falsification. In the case that the editor of Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies be informed of any allegation of research misconduct related to a paper published in the journal, they will follow COPE guidelines when dealing with allegations.
CITATION POLICY
Authors should ensure that where the material is taken from other sources (including their own published writings), the source is cited, and where appropriate permission is obtained.
Authors should not engage in excessive self-citation of their work.
Authors should not copy references from other publications if they have not read the work cited.
Authors should not cite advertisements or publicity material and preferably not cite their publications or those of friends, colleagues, or institutions.
According to the COPE guidelines, we expect that "original writing taken directly from other researchers' publications should appear in inverted commas with appropriate citations." This condition also applies to the author's work. COPE has produced a discussion paper on citation manipulation with recommendations for best practices.
PLAGRAPHY DETECTION POLICY
Urkund is used to detect plagiarism in articles submitted to Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies. Urkund is a fully automatic machine learning text recognition system designed to detect, prevent, and deal with plagiarism, regardless of language. If the article meets all the conditions and is recommended to enter the review process, the Section Editor/Special Editor submits the article to the Urkund program to detect plagiarism.
POLICY PAPERS INVOLVING ANIMALS/HUMAN BEINGS/PRODUCTS OR EQUIPMENT WITH UNCOMMON RISKS
If the work involves chemicals, procedures, or equipment that present uncommon risks inherent to their use, the authors should identify these in the article.
If the work involves using animals or human participants, the authors must ensure that all procedures were performed by relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) approved them.
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PUBLICATION
The Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies adheres to high standards of ethical conduct in publishing, adopting several policies in this regard, including:
- Policy on authorship and contribution;
- Policy on handling complaints and appeals;
- Conflict of interest policy;
- Policy on data sharing and reproducibility;
- Journal's ethical supervision policy;
- Journal's intellectual property policy;
- Policy for post-publication discussions and corrections;
- Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies policy.
AUTHORSHIP AND CONTRIBUTION POLICY
Articles submitted to Millenium, Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, must be original, and the author must assume that it has not been published, totally or partially, elsewhere or in another language.
When submitting an article for publication in the Journal, authors are legally responsible for ensuring that the work does not constitute an infringement of copyright. They are also responsible for obtaining competent authorization for the publication of texts, images, or any other material subject to copyright.
Authors are expected to carefully consider authorship before submission of the paper. Any changes in authorship should be made during the editorial process before acceptance of the article. Changes in authorship, including any addition, deletion, or rearrangement of authors' names, will require the approval of all authors. To request any change in authorship, a change of authorship request should be submitted, including the corresponding author's signature and pointing out the reason for the change. Any changes in authorship requested after the acceptance of the article may result in a delay in the publication of the article and the need to prove authorship of the work in question.
Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies ensures that authors can identify their contribution to the published articles through a precise and detailed description of the tasks performed by each one.
The authors' contribution is indicated according to CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy). More information about CRediT is at https://credit.niso.org/.
COMPLAINT HANDLING POLICY
Complaints are an opportunity and a stimulus for improvement.
Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies will respond promptly to complaints.
Examples of complaints are:
- Denunciations of plagiarism
- Multiple, duplicate, simultaneous publication/submission.
- Conflicts of interest not disclosed
Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies and Health may request the parties involved to substantiate their allegations.
Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies and Health will make a good faith determination to remove the allegedly improper material.
How to make a complaint
Complaints about editorial content should be made as soon as possible after publication, preferably in writing by e-mail to: millenium@sc.ipv.pt
CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY
Authors, reviewers, and editors are committed to avoiding and declaring any potential conflict of interest.
Authors: must declare no conflicts of interest and ensure that any support received is documented in the article.
Examples of potential conflicts of interest that must be disclosed include financial ones, such as honoraria, educational grants, and other funding or patent licensing agreements, as well as non-financial ones, such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs in the subject matter or materials discussed in the article.
Reviewers: They must declare any potential conflict of interest and must decline to review if they identify the author(s) or work or if they consider there to be any other conflict of interest on their part (personal, professional, financial, or otherwise), and must notify the editors immediately and decline the invitation to review.
Editors: commit to avoid and declare any potential conflict of interest, not using, for example, privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review. These should be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.
DATA SHARING AND REPRODUCIBILITY POLICY
Millenium, Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, offers immediate free access to its content based on the principle that making research available to the public free of charge contributes to a greater global exchange of knowledge. Readers can view, download, and print any article without financial barriers, enabling further dissemination of each article.
ETHICAL SUPERVISION POLICY
The editorial team carries out all its work with high responsibility, seeking to identify any misconduct, preventing the publication of plagiarized documents, manipulating citations, falsifying data, or biased presentation of data or information.
If concerns are raised, or clarifications are needed, the editorial team will request evidence of ethical approval of the research and ask the authors about ethical aspects.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICY
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, allowing free sharing of the work, provided authorship and initial publication in this journal are correctly attributed.
All articles published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, which allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform and create from the material for any purpose, even commercially), provided that proper credit is given to Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies.
POST-PUBLICATION CORRECTIONS POLICY
When authors discover significant errors or imprecisions in their published work, they must immediately notify the journal editors and cooperate with them to correct the article or retract it.
Suppose the editors become informed that a published article contains a significant error or inaccuracy. In that case, the author must immediately correct or withdraw the article or provide evidence of the article's correction to the journal editors.
Examples of Errors:
- Spelling, grammatical, and spacing errors.
- Metadata errors: title, author's name, abstract.
Metadata errors must be duly reported, evaluated, and accepted by Millenium's editorial team. Once approved, the article will be updated and republished on the journal's website. Subsequently, all relevant indexing databases are notified to ensure that database versions are also updated.
Retraction
When necessary, an article must be retracted from the body of research literature. This may be due to inadvertent errors made during the research process, gross ethical violations, fabrication of data, large amounts of plagiarism, or other reasons. Such articles threaten the integrity of the scientific record and need to be retracted.
Millenium follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for retraction.
A document will only be removed entirely from the Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies website, and relevant indexing databases in exceptional circumstances when leaving it online would constitute an illegal act or likely lead to significant harm.
GENERATIVE IA POLICY AND IA-ASSISTED TECHNOLOGIES
Authors
Text generated from Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT and others based on large linguistic models (LLMs), cannot be used in articles published in scientific journals, nor can the accompanying figures, images, or graphics be products of such tools, without explicit permission from the editors. Furthermore, an AI program cannot be the author of a Millenium article. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their paper, even the parts produced by an AI tool, and are therefore liable for any violation of publication ethics. A violation of this policy constitutes scientific misconduct.
Reviewers
When a reviewer is invited to review an author's paper, the paper should be treated as confidential. Reviewers should not submit a paper or part of it to an AI tool. This practice may violate authors' confidentiality and property rights and, where the article contains personally identifiable information, may violate data privacy rights.
This confidentiality requirement extends to the peer review report, as it may contain confidential information about the manuscript and the authors. For this reason, reviewers should not submit the peer review report to an AI tool, even if it is only to improve language and readability.
Peer review is at the heart of the scientific ecosystem. Reviewing a scientific paper entails responsibilities that can only be assigned to humans. Reviewers should not use generative AI or AI-assisted technologies to assist in the scientific review of an article, as the critical thinking and original evaluation required for peer review are outside the scope of such technology, and there is a risk that the technology will generate incorrect, incomplete or biased conclusions about the article. The reviewer is responsible for the content of the review report.
