Communication skills in basic training of physiotherapy students

e-Delphi study

Authors

  • Leonor Almeida Santos Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Porto, Portugal | Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde, Clínica Pedagógica, Porto, Portugal. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-3666
  • Sílvia Queirós Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Porto, Portugal | Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Serviço de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Fisioterapia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-8210
  • Germano Couto Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, I3ID – Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, Porto, Portugal |CINTESIS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-7375
  • Rute Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Clínica Pedagógica, I3ID – Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-3139

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0211e.27562

Keywords:

healthcare communication; delphi-technique; students; physiotherapy

Abstract

Introduction: The high relevance of clinical/healthcare communication as a vital skill in the provision of care and paramount in healthcare education determined the relevance of its teaching, and recommendations are to introduce it in undergraduate learning.

Objetives: Identify, via expert consensus, the clinical/healthcare communication skills to be taught to physiotherapy students in their basic training (degree).

Methods: An online questionnaire was implemented in a panel of experts in clinical/healthcare communication, following the Delphi technique until consensus was attained.

Results: Twenty-seven clinical/healthcare communication skills were identified, of which 25 had a consensus of ≥80% in the ranking of the degree of importance, as well as the 10 most important to teach to physiotherapy students in terms of their basic training (degree).

Conclusion: The study allowed the specification and listing of the central communication skills in pre-graduate training in physiotherapy, which may serve, in the future, as a proposal for new syllabuses in this area, as well as for the development of a curricular unit that cuts across the higher education physiotherapy degree courses in Portugal, seeking to equip future Portuguese physiotherapists with the same clinical/healthcare communication skills.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ajjawi, R., & Higgs, J. (2011). Core components of communication of clinical reasoning: A qualitative study with experienced australian physiotherapists. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 17(1), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-011-9302-7

Andrade, C. G., Costa, S. F. G., & Lopes, M. E. L. (2013). Cuidados paliativos: A comunicação como estratégia de cuidado para o paciente em fase terminal. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 18(9), 2523–2530. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013000900006 Associação Portuguesa de Fisioterapeutas, (Rev.). (2020, setembro 8). O perfil profissional do fisioterapeuta. Disponível em: APFisio_Perfil_Compet_Fisio_rev2020.pdf Bachmann, C., Abramovitch, H., Barbu, C. G., Cavaco, A. M., Elorza, R. D., Haak, R., Loureiro, E., Ratajska, A., Silverman, J., Winterburn, S., & Rosenbaum, M. (2013). A european consensus on learning objectives for a core communication curriculum in health care professions. Patient Education and Counseling, 93(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2012.10.016 Barrett, D., & Heale, R. (2020). What are Delphi studies?. Evidence-Based Nursing, 23(3), 68–69. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2020-103303

Bayliss, A. J., & Strunk, V. A. (2015). Measurement of empathy changes during a physical therapistʼs education and beyond. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 29(2), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001416-201529020-00003

Benner, P. (1982). From novice to expert. The American Journal of Nursing, 82(3), 402-407. Black, N., Murphy, M., Lamping, D., McKee, M., Sanderson, C., Askham, J., & Marteau, T. (1999). Consensus development methods: A review of best practice in creating clinical guidelines. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 4(4), 236–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/135581969900400410 Braga, J. (2014). The exercise stress test - Impact of communication strategies on patient's compliance and satisfaction. [Master's Degree Dissertation, Universidade do Porto]. Disponível em: FMUP - The exercise stress test - Impact of communication strategies on patient's compliance and satisfaction Brun-Cottan, N., McMillian, D., & Hastings, J., (2020). Defending the art of physical therapy: Expanding inquiry and crafting culture in support of therapeutic alliance. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 36(6), 669–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2018.1492656 Cook, C., McCallum, C., Musolino, G. M., Reiman, M., & Covington, J. K. (2018). What traits are reflective of positive professional performance in physical therapy program graduates? A Delphi study. Journal of Allied Health, 47(2), 96–102. Davies, R., Ellerton, C., & Evans, C. (2017). Reaching consensus on measuring professional behaviour in physical therapy objective structured clinical examinations. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 69(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2015-45E Diamond, I. R., Grant, R. C., Feldman, B. M., Pencharz, P. B., Ling, S. C., Moore, A. M., & Wales, P. W. (2014). Defining consensus: A systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(4), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002 Dong, T., LaRochelle, J. S., Durning, S. J., Saguil, A., Swygert, K., & Artino, A. R., Jr (2015). Longitudinal effects of medical students' communication skills on future performance. Military Medicine, 180(4 Suppl), 24–30. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00565

Donohoe, H., Stellefson, M., & Tennant, B. (2012) Advantages and limitations of the e-Delphi technique. American Journal of Health Education, 43(1), 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2012.10599216 Doorenbos, A. Z., Levy, W. C., Curtis, J. R., & Dougherty, C. M. (2016). An intervention to enhance Goals-of-Care communication between heart failure patients and heart failure providers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 52(3), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.018 Duffy, F. D., Gordon, G. H., Whelan, G., Cole-Kelly, K., Frankel, R., Buffone, N., Lofton, S., Wallace, M., Goode, L., Langdon, L., & Participants in the American Academy on Physician and Patient's Conference on Education and Evaluation of Competence in Communication and Interpersonal Skills (2004). Assessing competence in communication and interpersonal skills: The Kalamazoo II report. Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 79(6), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200406000-00002 Eadie, T., Kapsner-Smith, M., Bolt, S., Sauder, C., Yorkston, K., & Baylor, C. (2018). Relationship between perceived social support and patient-reported communication outcomes across communication disorders: A systematic review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 53(6), 1059–1077. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12417

Fink-Hafner, D., Dagen, T., Dousak, M., Novak, M., & Hafner-Fink, M. (2019). Delphi methods: Strengths and weaknesses. Metodoloski Zvezki Journal, 16(2), 1–19. Disponível em: https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/1034629.Fink-Hafner_at_al_Delphi_Method_Strengths_and_Weaknesses.pdf Fisher, M., & Keil, F. C. (2016). The curse of expertise: When more knowledge leads to miscalibrated explanatory insight. Cognitive Science, 40(5), 1251–1269. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12280 García de Leonardo, C., Ruiz-Moral, R., Caballero, F., Cavaco, A., Moore, P., Dupuy, L. P., Pithon-Cyrino, A., Cortés, M. T., Gorostegui, M., Loureiro, E., Fontcuberta, J. M., Casasbuenas Duarte, L., Kretzer, L., Arrighi, E., Jovell, A., & Participants in the Consensus Panel (2016). A latin american, portuguese and spanish consensus on a core communication curriculum for undergraduate medical education. BMC Medical Education, 16, 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0610-8 Gordon, M., Baker, P., Catchpole, K., Darbyshire, D., & Schocken, D. (2015). Devising a consensus definition and framework for non-technical skills in healthcare to support educational design: A modified Delphi study. Medical Teacher, 37(6), 572–577. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2014.959910

Grisham, T. (2009). The Delphi technique: A method for testing complex and multifaceted topics. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2(1), 112-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538370910930545 Hall, D. A., Smith, H., Heffernan, E., Fackrell, K., & Core Outcome Measures in Tinnitus International Delphi (COMiT’ID) Research Steering Group (2018). Recruiting and retaining participants in e-Delphi surveys for core outcome set development: Evaluating the COMiT'ID study. PloS One, 13(7), e0201378. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201378 Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x Humphrey-Murto, S., Varpio, L., Gonsalves, C., & Wood, T. J. (2017). Using consensus group methods such as Delphi and Nominal Group in medical education research. Medical Teacher, 39(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2017.1245856 Humphrey-Murto, S., Varpio, L., Wood, T. J., Gonsalves, C., Ufholz, L. A., Mascioli, K., Wang, C., & Foth, T. (2017). The use of the Delphi and other Consensus Group methods in medical education research: A review. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 92(10), 1491–1498. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001812 Ingram D. (1997). Opinions of physical therapy education program directors on essential functions. Physical Therapy, 77(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/77.1.37 Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H. (2011). The Delphi technique in nursing and health research. (eds S. Keeney, F. Hasson & H. McKenna). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444392029

King, G., Currie, M., Doreen J. Bartlett, D.J., Strachan, D., Tucker, M.A., & Willoughby, C. (2008). The development of expertise in paediatric rehabilitation therapists: The roles of motivation, openness to experience and types of caseload experience. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 55, 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00681.x Lis, R., Sakata, V., & Lien, O. (2017). How to choose? Using the Delphi method to develop consensus triggers and indicators for disaster response. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 11(4), 467-472. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.174

Loureiro, E., Cavaco, A.M. & Ferreira, M.A. (2015). Competências de comunicação clínica: Objetivos de ensino-aprendizagem para um currículo nuclear nas áreas da saúde. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 39(4), 491-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v39n4e01732015

MacEachren, A. M., Pike, W., Yu, C., Brewer, I., Gahegan, M., Weaver, S. D., & Yarnal, B. (2006). Building a geocollaboratory: Supporting human–environment regional observatory (HERO) collaborative science activities. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30(2), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.10.005 Manze, M. G., Orner, M. B., Glickman, M., Pbert, L., Berlowitz, D., & Kressin, N. R. (2015). Brief provider communication skills training fails to impact patient hypertension outcomes. Patient Education and Counseling, 98(2), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2014.10.014

Marques, J. B. V., & Freitas, D. (2018). Método DELPHI: Caracterização e potencialidades na pesquisa em educação. Pro-Posições, 29(2), 389–415. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-6248-2015-0140 McMahon, S., Cusack, T., & O’Donoghue, G. (2014). Barriers and facilitators to providing undergraduate physiotherapy clinical education in the primary care setting: A three-round Delphi study. Physiotherapy, 100(1), 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2013.04.006 McGinnis, P. Q., Wainwright, S. F., Hack, L. M., Nixon-Cave, K., & Michlovitz, S. (2010). Use of a Delphi panel to establish consensus for recommended uses of selected balance assessment approaches. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 26(6), 358–373. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593980903219050

McMillan, S. S., King, M., & Tully, M. P. (2016). How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(3), 655–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0257-x Miller, E., Brooks, D., & Mori, B. (2020). Using expert consensus to develop a tool to assess physical therapists' knowledge, skills, and judgement in performing airway suctioning. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 72(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc-2018-0101 Morgado, P., Lemos, A. R., Almeida, S., Cerqueira, J. J., & Sousa, N. (2019). A structured remediation program for communication skills. International Journal of Medical Education, 10, 161–162. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5d5a.72c3 Mori, B., Brooks, D., Norman, K. E., Herold, J., & Beaton, D. E. (2015). Development of the canadian physiotherapy assessment of clinical performance: A new tool to assess physiotherapy students' performance in clinical education. Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 67(3), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2014-29E

Mota Cardoso, R.(Coord.). (2012). Competências Clínicas de Comunicação. FMUP, Edições Afrontamento, Lda. Nair, R., Aggarwal, R., & Khanna, D. (2011). Methods of formal consensus in classification /diagnostic criteria and guideline development. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 41(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.12.001

Nunes, L. (2010). Do perito e do conhecimento em enfermagem. Revista Percursos, 17, 3-9. Disponível em: Revista Percursos n17_Do perito e do conhecimento em enfermagem.pdf (rcaap.pt) Parry, R. H., & Brown, K. (2009). Teaching and learning communication skills in physiotherapy: What is done and how should it be done?. Physiotherapy, 95(4), 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2009.05.003 Persky, A. M., & Robinson, J. D. (2017). Moving from novice to expertise and its implications for instruction. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(9), 6065. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6065 Powell C. (2003). The Delphi technique: Myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 376–382. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x Roberts, F., & Cooper, K. (2020). Development of a tool to assess core cardiorespiratory physiotherapy skills: A Delphi study. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 1–9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2020.1827467 Romero-Collado A. (2020). Essential elements to elaborate a study with the (e)Delphi method. Elementos esenciales para elaborar un estudio con el método (e)Delphi. Enfermeria Intensiva, S1130-2399(20)30093-6. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfi.2020.09.001

Salgado, A., Dores, A. R., Martins, H., Sousa, Z., Magalhães, A., Reis, A. (2018). 5º Congresso Nacional de Práticas Pedagógicas no Ensino Superior – Atas. In … (Org.). Desenvolvimento de competências de comunicação clínica no primeiro ano de fisioterapia (213–218). LIVRO-ATAS-CNAPPES-2018_FINAL.pdf Sequeira, C. (Coord.). (2016). Comunicação clínica e relação de ajuda. Lidel Edições Técnicas Tavakoly-Sany, S. B., Behzhad, F., Ferns, G., & Peyman, N. (2020). Communication skills training for physicians improves health literacy and medical outcomes among patients with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4901-8 Taveira-Gomes, I., Mota Cardoso, R., & Figueiredo Braga, M. (2016). Communication skills in medical students - An exploratory study before and after clerkships. Porto Biomedical Journal, 1(5), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2016.08.002 Timmerberg, J. F., Dole, R., Silberman, N., Goffar, S. L., Mathur, D., Miller, A., Murray, L., Pelletier, D., Simpson, M. S., Stolfi, A., Thompson, A., & Utzman, R. (2019). Physical therapist student readiness for entrance in to the first full-time clinical experience: A Delphi study. Physical Therapy, 99(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzy134 Tognetto, A., Michelazzo, M. B., Ricciardi, W., Federici, A., & Boccia, S. (2019). Core competencies in genetics for healthcare professionals: Results from a literature review and a Delphi method. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1456-7 Toronto, C. (2017). Considerations when conducting e-Delphi research: A case study. Nurse Researcher, 25(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2017.e1498 Villiers, M. R., de Villiers, P. J., & Kent, A. P. (2005). The Delphi technique in health sciences education research. Medical Teacher, 27(7), 639–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611260500069947 Waggoner, J., Carline, J. D., & Durning, S. J. (2016). Is there a consensus on Consensus methodology? Descriptions and recommendations for future consensus research. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 91(5), 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001092

World Confederation for Physical Therapy. (2011). WCPT guideline for physical therapist professional entry level education [em linha]. Disponível em: https://world.physio/sites/default/files/2020-07/G-2011-Entry-level-education.pdf

World Health Organization. (2014). WHO handbook for guideline development. Decision-making for guideline development at WHO (2nd ed., pp.201-214). World Health Organization. Disponível em: Chp16_May2016.pdf (who.int) Yousuf, M. I. (2007). Using experts opinions through Delphi technique. Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.7275/rrph-t210

Downloads

Published

2022-12-16

How to Cite

Almeida Santos, L., Queirós, S., Couto, G., & Meneses, R. (2022). Communication skills in basic training of physiotherapy students: e-Delphi study. Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(11e), e27562. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0211e.27562

Issue

Section

Life and Healthcare Sciences