Non-pharmacological interventions in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, from Betty Neuman's perspective: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0218e.36924Keywords:
newborn; neonatal abstinence syndrome; non-pharmacological interventions; specialist nurse; scoping review (SCR)Abstract
Introduction: The increase in drug use during pregnancy is leading to a dramatic rise in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). Non-pharmacological measures should be implemented in order to minimize the physical and sensory stimulation of the newborn (NB).
Objetive: Map the available scientific evidence on non-pharmacological interventions in a newborn with NAS.
Methods: A review based on JBI guidelines, with article selection supported by the PRISMA model. The research question was formulated according to the PCC mnemonic (Participants, Concept and Context), and inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. Search limitations included: published studies, free access to full text, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, and published between january 1, 2021, and december 31, 2023. Seven databases were used.
Results: Fourteen articles were included, with the level of evidence, degree of recommendation, and methodological quality defined. The studies demonstrate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in managing NAS.
Conclusion: Assessment and treatment for NAS remain unstandardized. The Eat, Sleep, and Console (ESC) approach reduces pharmacological interventions, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs. Breastfeeding and rooming-in are strong non-pharmacological strategies that promote bonding, development-centered care for the NB and family, and rapid clinical improvement. Nurses play a decisive role in NAS management.
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