The use of IoT as a strategy for the reduction of energy consumption in residential buildings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0224e.40958Keywords:
Internet of Things; thermal comfort; residential buildings; energy efficiencyAbstract
Introduction: The expansion of wireless smart grids has increased Internet connectivity, facilitating the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT). Understanding how smart, real-time control of existing heating equipment allows its operation to be automatically adjusted to the specific needs of each environment promotes more efficient energy use and contributes to environmental sustainability.
Objective: To analyze the impact of low-cost IoT devices on energy consumption reduction, thermal comfort, and user perception in residential buildings.
Methods: A proof-of-concept study was carried out in a rural single-family dwelling in Portugal, monitoring three zones: bedroom, living room/kitchen, and bathroom. Manual and intelligent control conditions were compared, complemented by an exploratory questionnaire administered to 11 users from three residential buildings.
Results: The solution enabled greater thermal stability, reduced overheating periods, and achieved an estimated average saving of €1.51/day across the three monitored zones. The payback period was estimated at approximately 2.3 months, or 3.4 months when basic installation costs were included.
Conclusion: The study highlights the potential of affordable IoT solutions to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort without fully replacing existing heating systems. These technologies may represent a gradual, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to support the transition towards more energy-efficient homes.
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