Artificial Intelligence in clinical decision making: perceptions of nursing students

Authors

  • Gonçalo Peixoto Centro Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Braga, Portugal
  • Ana Catarina Antunes Centro Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Braga, Portugal
  • Bruna Lima Centro Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Braga, Portugal
  • Tatiana Vieira Centro Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Braga, Portugal
  • Manuela Martins Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal | Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal | Centro Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde (CICS), Braga, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-9940
  • Lígia Monterroso Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal | CINTESIS – Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-6491

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0222e.43906

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence; decision making; nursing; clinical practice; nursing students

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) optimises clinical decision-making for nursing students by improving data analysis, diagnostic accuracy and learning, as well as reducing workload and providing evidence-based recommendations.

Objective: To analyse the practical use of artificial intelligence in clinical decision-making by nursing students.

Methods: Descriptive qualitative study of a phenomenological nature, using semi-structured interviews with the aim of understanding the phenomena and lived experiences regarding the use of AI by nursing students in clinical decision-making.

Results: Although AI is seen as supporting clinical decision-making, students emphasise concerns about safety, confidentiality, and resistance to change. Autonomy and traditional knowledge remain essential, with AI recognised for improving efficiency without replacing clinical judgement.

Conclusion: From this study, we can infer that students recognise the value of AI, but report limited use of it in clinical decision-making due to concerns about the reliability of the information.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Ahmad, S. P., & Jenkins, M. P. (2022). Artificial intelligence for nursing practice and management: Current and potential research and education. Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 40(3), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000871

Choudhury, A., & Asan, O. (2022). Impact of accountability, training, and human factors on the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare: Exploring the perceptions of healthcare practitioners in the US. Human Factors in Healthcare, 2, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100021

Derakhshanian, S., Wood, L., & Arruzza, E. (2024). Perceptions and attitudes of health science students relating to artificial intelligence (AI): A scoping review. Health Science Reports, 7(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.2289

Friese, S. (2019). Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Gibbs, G. R. (2014). Using software in qualitative analysis. SAGE Publications.

Han, S., Kang, H. S., Gimber, P., & Lim, S. (2025). Nursing students’ perceptions and use of generative artificial intelligence in nursing education. Nursing Reports, 15(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15020068

Ma, J., Wen, J., Qiu, Y., Wang, Y., Xiao, Q., Liu, T., Zhang, D., Zhao, Y., Lu, Z., & Sun, Z. (2025). The role of artificial intelligence in shaping nursing education: A comprehensive systematic review. Nurse Education in Practice, 84, 104345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104345

Nora, C. R. D., Deodato, S., Vieira, M., & Zoboli, E. (2016). Elements and strategies for ethical decision-making in nursing. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 25(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072016004500014

Pailaha, A. D. (2023). The impact and issues of artificial intelligence in nursing science and healthcare settings. SAGE Open Nursing, 9, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231196847

Paulus, T. M., & Lester, J. N. (2016). Digital tools for qualitative research. SAGE Publications.

Petersson, L., Larsson, I., Nygren, J. M., Nilsen, P., Neher, M., Reed, J. E., Tyskbo, D., & Svedberg, P. (2022). Challenges to implementing artificial intelligence in healthcare: A qualitative interview study with healthcare leaders in Sweden. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 850. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08215-8

Shin, H., Gagne, J., Kim, S., & Hong, M. (2024). The impact of AI-assisted learning on ethical decision-making and clinical reasoning of nursing students in pediatric care: A quasi-experimental study. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 42(10), 704–711. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000001177

Silver, C., & Lewins, A. (2014). Using software for qualitative data analysis: A step-by-step guide. SAGE Publications.

Topol, E. J. (2019). Deep medicine: How artificial intelligence can make healthcare human again. Basic Books.

Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action-sensitive pedagogy. SUNY Press.

Ventura-Silva, J., Martins, M. M., Trindade, L. L., Faria, A. C. A., Pereira, S., Zuge, S. S., & Ribeiro, O. M. P. L. (2024). Artificial intelligence in the organization of nursing care: A scoping review. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 2733–2745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040202

Published

2026-06-02

How to Cite

Peixoto, G., Antunes, A. C., Lima, B., Vieira, T., Martins, M., & Monterroso, L. (2026). Artificial Intelligence in clinical decision making: perceptions of nursing students. Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(22e), e43906. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0222e.43906

Issue

Section

Life and Healthcare Sciences