Exposição ao ecrã em crianças até aos cinco anos de idade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v29.i4.18378Palavras-chave:
criança, cuidados de saúde, ecrã, paisResumo
Introdução: Embora o uso limitado das tecnologias com acesso a conteúdos de qualidade possa ter uma influência positiva, a exposição excessiva traz riscos à saúde das crianças e das suas famílias. Pesquisas recentes mostram que demasiado tempo de ecrã em crianças pequenas está associado a efeitos negativos, incluindo obesidade, atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo e da linguagem e insucesso escolar. Foi objetivo deste estudo analisar os hábitos de exposição ao ecrã de uma população saudável de lactentes e crianças entre os seis meses e os cinco anos de idade de duas Unidades de Saúde Familiar de uma área urbana do norte de Portugal e realizar uma revisão da literatura acerca do uso de ecrãs e dos seus efeitos sobre a saúde das crianças.
Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Selecionada uma amostra de conveniência na consulta de vigilância programada e aplicado um questionário aos pais de lactentes e crianças até aos cinco anos de idade, entre fevereiro e julho de 2018. Resultados: Foram incluídas 166 crianças. A idade média da amostra foi de 30 meses; 53% era do sexo masculino. A televisão dominou o tempo total de exposição a ecrãs. Cerca de 85% das crianças com menos de dois anos e 80% das crianças entre os seis e 12 meses de idade eram expostas a ecrãs diariamente. Destas, 79% passavam até uma hora por dia em frente ao ecrã. Na maioria das crianças com idade igual ou superior a dois anos, os pais afirmavam estar presentes e estabelecer limites de tempo para o uso de ecrã. No geral, apenas 39% dos pais afirmaram conhecer as recomendações atuais de exposição ao ecrã. Os hábitos de exposição não se relacionaram com os fatores socioeconómicos nem académicos da família (p>0,05). O conhecimento dos pais sobre as recomendações atuais também não minimizou a exposição aos ecrãs por parte dos filhos (p = 0,094).
Discussão/Conclusão: Verifica-se um tempo de exposição aos ecrãs superior ao recomendado em lactentes e crianças. Considerando que os pais desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do comportamento dos seus filhos e que não há evidências para apoiar a introdução de ecrãs em idade precoce, são necessárias intervenções para reduzir o tempo de exposição aos ecrãs das crianças no atual ambiente digital.
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