Acidentes na adolescência e fatores associados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v29.i4.18455Palavras-chave:
acidentes, medicina do adolescente, prevenção de acidentesResumo
Introdução: Os acidentes são uma causa importante de morte e morbilidade em adolescentes. Esta faixa etária apresenta maior suscetibilidade a acidentes devido às suas características biológicas, psicológicas e sociais específicas. É essencial compreender a prevalência e fatores associados à ocorrência de acidentes para atuar na sua prevenção.
Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar e caracterizar acidentes na adolescência e o seu potencial impacto na saúde e vida dos adolescentes.
Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional prospetivo realizado em dois centros hospitalares ao longo de um ano, baseado num inquérito aplicado a adolescentes observados no Serviço de Urgência devido a acidentes.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 1054 adolescentes (840 do Centro A e 214 do Centro B), a maioria do género masculino (58.2%), 51,6% dos quais na adolescência precoce (10 a 13 anos) e apenas 11,2% na adolescência tardia (17 a 18 anos). O uso de álcool ou drogas foi referido em 2,3% dos acidentes. Os principais acidentes reportados foram traumatismos (maioritariamente durante o desporto), quedas (sobretudo na escola) e acidentes rodoviários (sendo o atropelamento o mais frequente). A adolescência precoce esteve mais associada a quedas e traumatismos, enquanto a adolescência média se associou a maior frequência de queimaduras, acidentes rodoviários e intoxicações. Verificou-se uma baixa frequência de utilização de equipamento de proteção individual em ciclistas (31,3%). O absentismo escolar foi referido em 31% dos adolescentes, causado maioritariamente por traumatismos (49,8%) e quedas (40,1%).
Conclusão: A maioria dos acidentes identificados tinha causas preveníveis e a sua prevalência relativa associou-se ao estadio de desenvolvimento na adolescência. Estes resultados são relevantes para a implementação de medidas preventivas adequadas aos diferentes estadios da adolescência.
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