Pre-hospital stroke victim sign and symptom assessment tools: a scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0212e.31576Keywords:
prehospital care; weights and measures; strokeAbstract
Introduction: In the pre-hospital, nurses experience health/illness transitions in victims who present signs and symptoms of Stroke, using several instruments to perform their assessment. Subsequently, they activate the Via Verde promoting health gains for the victims.
Objective: To map the instruments used to assess signs and symptoms in adult stroke victims in the pre-hospital setting.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, with the following research question: Which instruments for assessing signs and symptoms in stroke victims are used by nurses in the pre-hospital setting? The selection of studies, extraction, and synthesis of data was performed by two independent reviewers.
Results: The following assessment instruments are highlighted: Face Arm Speech Test (FAST), Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS), Melbourne Ambulance Stroke Screen (MASS), Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE), Los Angels Motor Score (LAMS), Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity Score (CPSSS), Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST- ED), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS).
Conclusion: All scales have advantages and disadvantages, translating into their specificity and sensitivity. However, primary studies in the area should be conducted to compare the existing scales, define the “most” recommended one, and explore the application of the assessment tools in different pre-hospital settings.
Downloads
References
Aguiar de Sousa, D., von Martial, R., Abilleira, S., Gattringer, T., Kobayashi, A., Gallofré, M., Fazekas, F., Szikora, I., Feigin, V., Caso, V., & Fischer, U. (2019). Access to and delivery of acute ischaemic stroke treatments: A survey of national scientific societies and stroke experts in 44 European countries. European Stroke Journal, 4(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/2396987318786023
Bergs, J., Sabbe, M., & Moons, P. (2010). Prehospital stroke scales in a Belgian prehospital setting: A pilot study. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32831040ec
Costa, A.C.L., Pedro, L.S.R., Barreira, I.M.M., Mendes, L.A., Araújo, F.L., & Novo, A.F.M.P. (2020). Triagem e ativação da via verde do acidente vascular cerebral: dificuldades sentidas pelos enfermeiros. Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação, 3(2), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.33194/rper.2020.v3.n2.14.5829
Crowe, R. P., Myers, J. B., Fernandez, A. R., Bourn, S., & McMullan, J. T. (2021). The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale Compared to Stroke Severity Tools for Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Prediction. Prehospital Emergency Care, 25(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2020.1725198
Dickson, R. L., Crowe, R. P., Patrick, C., Crocker, K., Aiken, M., Adams, A., Gleisberg, G. R., Nichols, T., Mason, C., & Panchal, A. R. (2019). Performance of the RACE Score for the Prehospital Identification of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke in a Suburban/Rural EMS Service. Prehospital Emergency Care, 23(5), 612–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2019.1573281
De Luca, A., Giorgi Rossi, P., & Villa, G. F. (2013). The use of Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale during telephone dispatch interview increases the accuracy in identifying stroke and transient ischemic attack symptoms. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-513
Direção-Geral da Saúde. (2017). Via Verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral no Adulto. Norma Nº 015/2017, 1–25. https://normas.dgs.min-saude.pt/2017/07/13/via-verde-do-acidente-vascular-cerebral-no-adulto/
El Tawil, S., & Muir, K. W. (2017). Thrombolysis and thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke. Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 17(2), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.17-2-161
Figueiredo, A.R.G., Pereira, A.L., & Mateus, S. (2020). Acidente vascular cerebral isquémico vs hemorrágico: taxa de sobrevivência. Revista Científica da Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias, 3 (1), 35-45. ISSN 2184-5565. https://revistahigeia.ipcb.pt/artigos_n3/03_Acidente_vascular_cerebral
_isquemico_vs_hemorragico_taxa_de_sobrevivencia.pdf
Gaspar, M., Sousa, L., & Santos, E. (2023). Instrumentos de avaliação de sinais e sintomas em vítimas de acidente vascular cerebral no extra-hospitalar: um protocolo de revisão scoping. Revista Servir 2(06), e31037. https://doi.org/10.48492/servir0206.31037
Instituto de Emergência Médica (2019). Dia Mundial do AVC. Obtido de Serviço Nacional de Saúde: https://www.sns.gov.pt/noticias/2019/10/28/dia-mundial-do-avc-3/
Jauch, E. C., Saver, J. L., Adams, H. P., Bruno, A., Connors, J. J. B., Demaerschalk, B. M., Khatri, P., McMullan, P. W., Qureshi, A. I., Rosenfield, K., Scott, P. A., Summers, D. R., Wang, D. Z., Wintermark, M., Yonas, H., American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, & Council on Clinical Cardiology. (2013). Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 44(3), 870–947. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e318284056a
Khalil, H., Bennett, M., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., & Peters, M. (2020). Evaluation of the JBI scoping reviews methodology by current users. International journal of evidence-based healthcare, 18(1), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000202
Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke: Present status and future perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207609
Krebs, W., Sharkey-Toppen, T. P., Cheek, F., Cortez, E., Larrimore, A., Keseg, D., & Panchal, A. R. (2018). Prehospital Stroke Assessment for Large Vessel Occlusions: A Systematic Review. Prehospital Emergency Care, 22(2), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2017.1371263
Loudon, W., Wong, A., Disney, M., Tippett, V., & Lead, B. N. (2019). Validated pre-hospital stroke scales to predict large vessel occlusion: A systematic review. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 16(June). https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.16.705
Peters, M. D., Godfrey, C. M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., & Soares, C. B. (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 13(3), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1097/xeb.0000000000000050
Peters, M. D. J., Marnie, C., Tricco, A. C., Pollock, D., Munn, Z., Alexander, L., Mclnerney, P., Godfrey, C.M., & Khalil, H. (2020a). Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(10), 2119-2126. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbies-20-00167
Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., Tricco, A. C., & Khalil,, H. (2020b). Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews. In: Aromataris, E., & Munn, Z. (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI, 2020. Available online: https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12
Powers, W. J., Rabinstein, A. A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O. M., Bambakidis, N. C., Becker, K., Biller, J., Brown, M., Demaerschalk, B. M., Hoh, B., Jauch, E. C., Kidwell, C. S., Leslie-Mazwi, T. M., Ovbiagele, B., Scott, P. A., Sheth, K. N., Southerland, A. M., Summers, D. V., & Tirschwell, D. L. (2019). Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 50 (12), e344-e418. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211
Rai, A.T., Seldon, A.E., Boo, S., Link, P.S., Domico, J.R., Tarabishy, A.R., Lucke-Wold, N., & Carpenter, J.S. (2017). A population-based incidence of acute large vessel occlusions and thrombectomy eligible patients indicates significant potential for growth of endovascular stroke therapy in the USA. J Neurointerv Surg, 9, 722-726. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012515
Rennert, R.C., Wali, A.R., Steinberg, J.A., SantiagoDieppa, D.R., Olson, S.E., Pannell, J.S. et al. (2019). Epidemiology, natural history, and clinical presentation of large vessel ischemic stroke. Clin Neurosurg, 85, S4-S8. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz042
Senovilla-González, L., Hernández-Ruiz, À., & García-García, M. (2021). Comparación de la escala RACE con otras escalas de valoración de oclusiones arteriales de gran vaso en el medio extrahospitalario: una revisión rápida. An. Sist. Sanit. Navar. 44 (2), 275- 289. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0964
Terwee, C. B., Jansma, E. P., Riphagen, I. I., & de Vet, H. C. W. (2009). Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Quality of Life Research, 18(8), 1115-1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9528-5
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M.D.J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E.A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M.G., Garritty, C., Lewin, S., Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med, 169(7), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who submit proposals for this journal agree to the following terms:
a) Articles are published under the Licença Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), in full open-access, without any cost or fees of any kind to the author or the reader;
b) The authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, allowing the free sharing of work, provided it is correctly attributed the authorship and initial publication in this journal;
c) The authors are permitted to take on additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, post it to an institutional repository or as a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal;
d) Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and citation of published work
Documents required for submission
Article template (Editable format)
