Conocimientos del personal de enfermería sobre nutrición enteral en el paciente crítico: estudio diagnóstico

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0220e.41913

Palabras clave:

Palabras Clave: Enfermería; conocimiento; nutrición enteral; apoyo nutricional; cuidados críticos

Resumen

Introducción: El enfermo crítico presenta importantes alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la gravedad de la enfermedad, que se traducen en un aumento de las necesidades nutricionales y una alteración de la homeostasis debido al aumento del metabolismo proteico y calórico. El personal de enfermería, que desempeña un papel importante en la administración de la Nutrición Entérica (NE), debe tener conocimientos específicos para garantizar una atención segura y de calidad con beneficios para la salud y ahorro de costes.

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de las enfermeras sobre la NE en pacientes críticos e identificar la influencia de las características sociodemográficas y profesionales en este conocimiento.

Métodos: Se trató de un estudio diagnóstico cuantitativo con enfermeras de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la especialidad cardiaca de una Unidad Local de Salud de Portugal. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario electrónico y se analizaron con software estadístico.

Resultados: Participaron 36 enfermeros, con una edad media de 42,72±10,70 años La mayoría no tenía una especialización en enfermería (66,7%) y el 77,8% refirió una percepción de conocimiento insuficiente sobre NE. El número medio de respuestas correctas fue de 26,5±6,07 (sobre 43), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) en el número de respuestas correctas en función de la edad de las enfermeras y de si poseían una titulación especializada en enfermería.

Conclusión: El nivel de conocimientos demostró ser inadecuado, por lo que la implantación de un programa de formación en el campo de la EN será relevante para ampliar los conocimientos y proporcionar un tratamiento nutricional adecuado, mejorando la práctica clínica y garantizando la prestación de una atención segura.

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Publicado

2025-11-24

Cómo citar

Joaquim, R., & Costeira, C. (2025). Conocimientos del personal de enfermería sobre nutrición enteral en el paciente crítico: estudio diagnóstico. Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(20e), e41913. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0220e.41913

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Ciencias de la Vida y de la Salud