Cultura organizacional
Abstract
Numa análise antropológica, tal como refere Neves (2000), o termo “cultura” começou por ser definido como um componente do sistema social, o qual se manifesta pelo modo de vida e pelos artefactos, onde se incluem o saber, a crença, a arte, a moral, a lei, os costumes, hábitos, assumidos pelo homem como membro da sociedade.
Esta concepção de cultura pluralista e sócio-cultural que permaneceu de 1900 a 1950, subdividiu-se em duas correntes, sendo a primeira, mais simples, um conjunto de padrões culturais, criada pelos indivíduos que interagem, realçada pelas estruturas padronizadas da cultura, traduzida nos artefactos e comportamentos. A segunda, mais complexa, associada às formas de organização económica, política e social, sistemas de religião, tipo de linguagem, filosofias, direito, ciência e arte. Esta considera a cultura como um conjunto de estruturas sociais, integrada numa rede ou sistema de relações sociais, sendo cada sistema estrutural, uma unidade funcional, que contribui de modo harmonioso para a sua existência e continuidade.
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