Impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial en la educación: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0230.41727Palabras clave:
Inteligencia Artificial; educación; aprendizaje; rendimiento académico; revisión sistemáticaResumen
Introducción: La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) está transformando la educación mediante herramientas adaptativas, automatización de procesos y análisis de datos. Esta investigación busca analizar su impacto mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar tendencias, beneficios y desafíos.
Objetivo: Analizar de forma crítica las pruebas científicas sobre el impacto de la IA en las metodologías de enseñanza, el aprendizaje personalizado y el rendimiento académico.
Métodos: Se empleó el método de revisión sistemática según el modelo PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó el 15 de enero de 2024 en las bases de datos Scopus, WoS y ProQuest. Se seleccionaron 65 artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2023, respetando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Dos revisores realizaron la selección de forma independiente y se evaluó la calidad metodológica con la herramienta AMSTAR-2.
Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que la IA mejora el rendimiento académico (28% de incremento según los estudios analizados), siendo los chatbots y la realidad aumentada/virtual las herramientas más efectivas. España y China concentran el 26% de la producción científica. La personalización del aprendizaje y la retroalimentación automática son los beneficios más reportados.
Conclusión: Estos hallazgos sirven para guiar la implementación de herramientas de IA en instituciones educativas, destacando su efecto positivo en el desempeño de los estudiantes y la personalización del aprendizaje. Se sugiere investigar los efectos a largo plazo y la estandarización de criterios de evaluación.
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