Intervención enfermera en el tratamiento de la neuropatía periférica inducida por la quimioterapia: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0221e.43854Palabras clave:
intervención de enfermería; enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico; antineoplásicos; neoplasias; superviviente oncológicoResumen
Introducción: Las neoplasias, que constituyen la segunda causa de muerte, se tratan con tratamientos agresivos que provocan efectos no deseados en el paciente, como es el caso de la neuropatía periférica. Esta puede incluir síntomas motores, sensoriales y autonómicos, con un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y supervivientes. En la actualidad, no existen estrategias preventivas o curativas disponibles que cuenten con el consenso internacional.
Objetivo: Mapear las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de la neuropatía periférica inducida por la quimioterapia (NPIQ) en pacientes oncológicos.
Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión exploratoria guiada por la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y CINAHL, así como el repositorio científico de acceso abierto de Portugal (RCAAP). No se aplicaron límites de tiempo ni de idioma.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 estudios que permitieron identificar y sistematizar intervenciones de enfermería que se enmarcan en el ámbito de la evaluación, la capacitación del paciente y del cuidador, el manejo de los síntomas y la derivación a otros profesionales.
Conclusión: La implementación de estrategias eficaces para la gestión de la NPIQ promueve una readaptación saludable y constituye un componente fundamental del contenido funcional del profesional de enfermería. Es necesario reorganizar el sistema de salud, tradicionalmente centrado en episodios agudos, para integrar la morbilidad oncológica y las secuelas de los tratamientos, con una articulación eficaz entre la atención especializada y la primaria. La recopilación de las diversas intervenciones de enfermería proporciona un punto de partida para la elaboración de una guía orientativa, tanto para pacientes como para cuidadores informales y profesionales.
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