Programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para la mejora de la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores privados de libertad: Serie de casos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0230.46554

Palabras clave:

enfermería de rehabilitación; personas mayores; prisiones; fuerza muscular; capacidad funcional; estado funcional

Resumen

Introducción: El envejecimiento en el contexto penitenciario se asocia con un deterioro acelerado de la salud muscular y de la capacidad funcional, lo que exige intervenciones de Enfermería de Rehabilitación oportunas y adecuadas.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de Enfermería de Rehabilitación sobre la salud muscular y la capacidad funcional de personas mayores privadas de libertad.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos con nueve personas mayores. Se implementó un programa de Enfermería de Rehabilitación basado en los principios de prescripción del ejercicio físico, incluyendo frecuencia, intensidad, tiempo, tipo, volumen y pro-gresión, complementados con criterios de recuperación, seguridad, eficacia, gestión del riesgo/control de eventos adversos, principios bio-lógicos, monitorización de respuestas y procedimientos sistemáticos de evaluación. Los participantes realizaron tres sesiones semanales durante cinco semanas. Las evaluaciones pre y postintervención incluyeron niveles de actividad física y laboral, condiciones ambientales, pruebas de desempeño funcional (Sit-to-Stand, Timed Up and Go, Single Leg Stance), fuerza de prensión manual, potencia muscular (abso-luta, relativa y alométrica), tolerancia y percepción del esfuerzo (global y relacionada con el autocuidado), cuestionario SARC-F, circunferen-cia del cuádriceps y monitorización del dolor, incluida la aparición tardía de dolor muscular (DOMS).

Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en la potencia muscular (+25,7% a +34,7%), fuerza de prensión manual (+3% a +19%), movilidad funcional (+11%), equilibrio (+16%), rendimiento en el Sit-to-Stand (+33%), reducción de la percepción del esfuerzo (-21% a -35%) y disminución del riesgo de sarcopenia (-21%).

Conclusión: El programa de Enfermería de Rehabilitación demostró ser factible y seguro, mostrando potencial para mejorar la salud mus-cular y la capacidad funcional de personas mayores en contexto penitenciario.

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Publicado

2026-07-15

Cómo citar

Saraiva, D., Guerra, N., Marques, J., Severino, S., & Sousa, L. (2026). Programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para la mejora de la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores privados de libertad: Serie de casos. Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(30). https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0230.46554

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la Vida y de la Salud