Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los ganaderos sobre los antibióticos: elaboración y análisis de fiabilidad de un cuestionario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0231.47323Palabras clave:
resistencia a los antimicrobianos; uso de antibióticos; una sola salud; ganaderos; fiabilidad del cuestionarioResumen
Introducción: La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM) es un problema de salud pública mundial cada vez más grave. Su mitigación requiere un enfoque «Una Sola Salud» y los ganaderos desempeñan un papel fundamental a la hora de garantizar la salud y el bienestar de los animales y de promover el uso responsable de los antibióticos.
Objetivo: Desarrollar y evaluar la fiabilidad de un cuestionario como instrumento para recabar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los ganaderos en relación con la RAM y el uso de antibióticos.
Métodos: Estudio metodológico centrado en la evaluación de la fiabilidad de un cuestionario compuesto por tres secciones y elaborado a partir de una revisión exhaustiva de la bibliografía. Entre enero y febrero de 2026, se seleccionó a productores que trabajan con ganado vacuno, porcino y/o pequeños rumiantes en la región central de Portugal. Se llevó a cabo una prueba de repetición con un intervalo de 2 a 3 semanas. La reproducibilidad se determinó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI; intervalo de confianza del 95 %) y la consistencia interna se calculó utilizando el alfa de Cronbach.
Resultados: En total, 10 ganaderos completaron el estudio. Se evaluó la fiabilidad de dos secciones con ítems de escala Likert y la mayoría de los ítems (23 de 27) mostraron CCI > 0,4, lo que demuestra una buena reproducibilidad general. Se demostró una buena consistencia interna mediante los valores del alfa de Cronbach de 0,833 y 0,765 para la prueba y la repetición de la prueba, respectivamente.
Conclusión: El cuestionario elaborado es una herramienta fiable para recopilar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas de los ganaderos sobre la RAM y el uso de antibióticos.
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