Experiencias sobre el autocuidado caminar en personas con lesión medular incompleta en fase aguda

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0220e.35421

Palabras clave:

lesiones de la médula espinal; enfermería de rehabilitación; marcha; autocuidado; hospital

Resumen

Introducción: El autocuidado caminar suele verse afectado en personas con lesiones medulares, derivando en estados de dependencia adquirida. Incluso durante la fase aguda se debe iniciar un programa de rehabilitación, con miras a la recuperación funcional y el desarrollo de estrategias para la nueva condición.

Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de autocuidado caminar en personas con lesión medular incompleta en fase aguda.

Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, de carácter fenomenológico, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con dieciséis participantes. Análisis de contenido temático-categórico, con ayuda de la herramienta Atlas-Ti. Categorías basadas en la Teoría del Déficit de Autocuidado de Enfermería.

Resultados: Se identificaron cinco categorías que resultan de necesidades relacionadas con el autocuidado caminar, desde Conciencia del Déficit de Autocuidado, que involucró sentimientos de miedo y ansiedad por no recuperar la marcha, hasta Participación en Rehabilitación, que generó motivación y esperanza en la recuperación. La Necesidad de Aceptación surgió del enfrentamiento inicial con estar en silla de ruedas. En la categoría Acondicionadores del Autocuidado Caminar se destacaron sentimientos como el miedo a caer y en la categoría Promotores del Autocuidado Caminar se valoraron ambientes que favorecen el aprendizaje y sentimientos de alegría y optimismo en la recuperación de la marcha.

Conclusión: Experiencias notables sobre el autocuidado caminar comienzan durante la hospitalización inicial después de una lesión de la médula espinal. Los profesionales de la salud deben integrar y desarrollar la atención en las áreas destacadas en este estudio, para aumentar las actitudes de autocuidado y mejorar la reconstrucción de la autonomía.

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Publicado

2025-10-20

Cómo citar

Sousa, S., Andrade, M. J., Fernandes, C. S., Barbeiro, S., Teixeira, V., Preto, L., & Martins, M. M. (2025). Experiencias sobre el autocuidado caminar en personas con lesión medular incompleta en fase aguda. Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(20e), e35421. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0220e.35421

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la Vida y de la Salud