Efectos de la fisioterapia en la función pélvica y calidad de vida en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria - una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0226.36183Palabras clave:
fisioterapia pélvica; incontinencia urinaria; calidad de vida; entrenamiento de los músculos del suelo pélvicoResumen
Introducción: En los últimos años, la fisioterapia del suelo pélvico (SP), en particular, el entrenamiento de los músculos del SP (EMSP), ha demostrado tener una gran importancia en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria (IU), en la optimización de la función pélvica y calidad de vida (CdV).
Objetivos: Evalúe los efectos de la fisioterapia del SP en la función pélvica y CdV en mujeres con IU.
Métodos: Búsqueda computarizada en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando la combinación de palabras clave: Fisioterapia; Incontinencia urinaria; CdV, de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. La calidad metodológica fue analizada mediante la escala de Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).
Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad, con un total de 2253 participantes y una media aritmética de 8,4/10 en la escala de PEDro. Las intervenciones de EMSP mostraron efectos positivos, tanto en CdV como en la reducción de la pérdida involuntaria de orina y el aumento de la fuerza de los músculos del SP. Además, el EMSP combinado con biofeedback, electroterapia o entrenamiento de Pilates parece tener efectos significativos.
Conclusiones: El EMSP es un tratamiento eficaz para la IU en mujeres. Mejora significativamente la CdV de mujeres con IU, un factor determinante para el estado físico, mental y social.
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