Comportamientos y estrategias en el liderazgo clínico en enfermería: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0226.37839Palabras clave:
comportamento; liderança; enfermagem; prática profissional; revisão de pesquisa por paresResumen
Introducción: El liderazgo clínico en enfermería se refiere a la demostración de habilidades y comportamientos informales de liderazgo por parte de las enfermeras en la práctica clínica. Contribuye a la construcción de modelos sanitarios innovadores y estructurados, que redundan en la mejora continua de la calidad de los cuidados y la satisfacción de las necesidades sanitarias.
Objetivo: Mapeo de la evidencia científica sobre los comportamientos de los líderes de enfermería clínica y estrategias para promover el liderazgo de enfermería clínica en las organizaciones sanitarias.
Métodos: Revisión de alcance según las directrices del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Búsqueda completa en MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest y Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal. Se incluyeron estudios primarios publicados en portugués, inglés o español.
Resultados: Se identificó un total de 2407 registros, de los cuales 24 formaban parte de la revisión. Se identificaron 47 comportamientos de liderazgo clínico en enfermería y 18 estrategias para promover estos comportamientos (estrategias relacionadas con la enfermera (n=3), el equipo multiprofesional (n=5), la organización sanitaria (n=8) y entidades externas a la organización sanitaria (n=2)). La mayoría de los comportamientos están orientados a la tarea (n=25), prevaleciendo los relacionados con la práctica clínica (n=18).
Conclusión: Los comportamientos de liderazgo se asocian a la capacidad de comunicación eficaz, la toma de decisiones, la experiencia clínica, el apoyo, la tutoría, la educación y la creación de equipos. Deben definirse estrategias para facilitar el desarrollo y la mejora de los comportamientos de liderazgo en la práctica clínica.
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