Competencias de los enfermeros gerentes en unidades de cuidados integrados: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0230.44854Palabras clave:
enfermeras administradoras, atención primaria, liderazgo, administración de personalResumen
Introducción: La gestión eficaz de la atención sanitaria es esencial para garantizar la calidad, la continuidad y la coordinación, especialmente en los modelos integrados. En Portugal, las Unidades Locales de Salud constituyen una reforma para articular la atención primaria y hospitalaria. Los gestores de enfermería asumen un papel central, pero sus competencias específicas siguen estando poco definidas.
Objetivos: 1) Identificar las competencias esenciales exigidas a los gestores de enfermería en contextos de cuidados integrados; 2) Caracterizar esas competencias esenciales en cuanto a su naturaleza, dimensión y ámbito de aplicación en contextos de cuidados integrados.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance como fase inicial de un estudio de métodos mixtos, de acuerdo con la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs y presentado siguiendo el marco PRISMA-ScR. A partir del modelo PCC, se buscaron las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS y literatura gris. Dos revisores seleccionaron de forma independiente los estudios y extrajeron los datos. Las competencias se sintetizaron mediante análisis temático, utilizando una codificación híbrida deductivo–inductiva basada en la Teoría del Cuidado Burocrático de Ray.
Resultados: Se identificaron seis ámbitos de competencias: técnico, conductual, interprofesional, gerencial, educativo/de desarrollo y clínico. Las diferencias entre la atención primaria y la hospitalaria pusieron de manifiesto la necesidad de perfiles diferenciados y estrategias de adaptación. Las principales barreras para la integración fueron la resistencia cultural, la fragmentación de los sistemas y la escasez de recursos; los facilitadores incluyeron la comunicación eficaz, los valores compartidos y los sistemas de información integrados. Se destacó la importancia del desarrollo continuo, la planificación de la sucesión y el apoyo organizativo.
Conclusión: Las funciones de los enfermeros gestores en la atención integrada son complejas. Su refuerzo requiere inversión en competencias, apoyo institucional y alineación con los valores de la integración. Estos resultados ofrecen una base para programas de formación que promuevan el liderazgo, la coordinación de equipos y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de salud integrados.
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a) Los artículos serán publicados según la licencia Licença Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), conforme el régimen open-access, sin cualquier coste para el autor o para el lector.
b) Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, se permite la divulgación libre del trabajo, desde que sea correctamente atribuida la autoría y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
c) Los autores están autorización para firmar contratos adicionales separadamente, para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (ej.: publicar en un repositorio institucional o como capítulo de un libro), con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial e esta revista.
d) Los autores tienen permiso y son alentados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo on-line (ej.: en repositorios instituciones o en su página personal) ya que eso podrá generar alteraciones productivas, así como aumentar el impacto y la citación del trabajo publicado.
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