Contribuciones del paquete ABCDEF en la atención a personas en situación crítica en la UCI: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0230.45668Palabras clave:
enfermería; paquete ABCDEF; unidad de cuidados intensivos; cuidados críticos; persona en situación críticaResumen
Introducción: La hospitalización en unidades de cuidados intensivos se asocia con complicaciones que comprometen la recuperación del paciente. Las estrategias basadas en la evidencia, como el paquete ABCDEF, son esenciales para mejorar la calidad y la seguridad de la atención.
Objetivo: Recopilar la evidencia sobre las contribuciones del paquete ABCDEF en la atención a personas en situación crítica en unidades de cuidados intensivos.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria según las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en la plataforma EBSCO, utilizando descriptores MeSH, en las bases MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, MedicLatina, Nursing & Allied Health Collection – Comprehensive, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Cochrane Clinical Answers and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts, PubMed y el Repositorio Científico de Acceso Abierto de Portugal. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en portugués o inglés. La selección se documentó mediante un diagrama PRISMA y los datos se sintetizaron de forma descriptiva.
Resultados: Se incluyeron cuarenta estudios. La evidencia demuestra que el paquete ABCDEF reduce el tiempo de ventilación mecánica, la incidencia de delirio y la sedación excesiva, disminuyendo las tasas de reingreso y mortalidad. Asimismo, promueve la movilización temprana, refuerza la comunicación multiprofesional y optimiza la gestión de recursos. La participación de la familia favorece la adherencia terapéutica, el bienestar emocional y la satisfacción con la atención.
Conclusión: El paquete ABCDEF mejora la calidad de la atención en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, poniendo de manifiesto beneficios clínicos, organizativos y relacionales.
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