Emotional Competencies in The Training of Entrepreneurs In The Peruvian University
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.37219Keywords:
emotional competencies, entrepreneurial skills, university students, higher education, life skillsAbstract
Entrepreneurship is a task that should be considered as an integral part of the university, together with teaching, extension activities and research. Giving university students a solid knowledge of how to start a business can contribute with the economic growth of their community and even that of their country, as they would be able to start new businesses or to develop those already existing. Furthermore, teaching the students the importance of managing their emotions in this process could help them to adequately navigate the usually turbulent entrepreneurship path. Therefore, this research aims at establishing whether the emotional competencies have incidence on the possession of entrepreneurial skills in a sample of 239 education university students from a public university in Lima, Peru. For that matter, data was collected using two instruments, one per variable: the Inventory of Emotional Competencies and the Instrument of Entrepreneurial Profile. The analysis, quantitative with non-experimental design, was carried using an ordinary logistic regression. The results show that both variables are related and that the students with low or medium levels of emotional competencies have lower odds to have higher levels of entrepreneurial skills. Therefore, the importance of the emotional skills in the entrepreneurial skills can be established. As a result, universities should consider designing programmes that encourage and develop these skills for the benefit of their students and the local economy as a whole.
Downloads
References
Alanya Reque, S. B. (2012). Habilidades sociales y actitud emprendedora en estudiantes del quinto de secundaria de una institución educativa del distrito del Callao [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14005/1080
Albornoz Silva, M. J., & Almeida Parra, G. (2012). Caracterización del perfil emprendedor del estudiante de las facultades de administración y afines, adscritas al Capítulo Oriente de la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Administración (Ascolfa) y a la Red de Investigadores (Riaco), fase I. Revista Gestión & Desarrollo, 9(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.21500/01235834.632
Alvarez-Risco, A., Mlodzianowska, S., Zamora-Ramos, U., & Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S. (2021). Green entrepreneurship intention in university students: The case of Peru. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 9(4), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2021.090406
Arias Vargas, F. J., Ribes-Gine, G., Arango-Boter, D., & Garcés Giraldo, L. F. (2021). Factores sociodemográficos que inciden en el emprendimiento rural de jóvenes en Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(96), 1218–1240. https://doi.org/10.52080/RVGLUZ.26.96.14
Awwad, M. S., & Ali, H. K. (2012). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation: The moderating role of organizational climate and employees’ creativity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1108/14715201211246869
Bigos, K., & Michalik, A. (2020). Do Emotional Competencies Influence Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions? Sustainability, 12(23), 10025. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310025
Bisquerra Alzina, R., & Pérez Escoda, N. (2007). Las competencias emocionales. Educación XX1, 10(1), 61–82. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.1.10.297
Bisquerra Alzina, R., & Pérez Escoda, N. (2012). Educación emocional: estrategias para su puesta en práctica. Avances En Supervisión Educativa, (16). https://doi.org/10.23824/ASE.V0I16.502
Bisquerra, R. (2020). Regulación emocional. Rafael Bisquerra - Educación Emocional. https://www.rafaelbisquerra.com/competencias-emocionales/regulacion-emocional/
Caballero, S., Fuchs, R. M., & Prialé, M. A. (2013). The influence of personality traits on social enterprise start-up: the case of Peruvian social entrepreneurs. In EMES International Research Conference on Social Enterprise-Liege. Selected Papers, no. LG13-07 (ENG).https://emes.net/content/uploads/publications/the-influence-of-personality-traits-on-social-enterprise-start-up-the-case-of-peruvian-social-entrepreneurs/caballero_et_al._ecps-lg13-07_eng.pdf
Calanchez Urribarri, A., Chavez Vera, K., Reyes Reyes, C., & Ríos Cubas, M. (2022). Desempeño innovador para el fortalecimiento de la cultura de emprendimiento en Perú. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 27(100), 1837–1858. https://doi.org/10.52080/RVGLUZ.27.100.33
Conexión ESAN. (2018, July 3). Perú es el país con mayor espíritu emprendedor de la región LATAM y el quinto a nivel mundial. Conexión ESAN. https://www.esan.edu.pe/conexion-esan/peru-es-el-pais-con-mayor-espiritu-emprendedor-de-la-region-latam-y-el-quinto-a-nivel-mundial
Cordero López, J., Astudillo Durán, S., Carpio Guerrero, X., Delgado Noboa, J., & Amón-Martínez, O. (2011). Análisis de los factores que influyen el emprendimiento y la sostenibilidad de las empresas del área urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Maskana, 2(2), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.02.02.03
Cordova-Buiza, F., Toribio-Tamayo, G., Garcia-Portuguez, M. A. J., & Martinez-Torres, D. C. (2023). Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intention of University Business Students: Evidence from Lima-Peru. European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.34190/ECIE.18.1.1397
Dalmarco, G., Hulsink, W., & Blois, G. V. (2018). Creating entrepreneurial universities in an emerging economy: Evidence from Brazil. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2018.04.015
Deza-Loyaga, W. F., Aparicio-Ballena, J. A., Pérez-Arboleda, P. A., & Hidalgo-Lama, J. A. (2021). Competencias de emprendimiento en estudiantes universitarios en Perú: metodología para su desarrollo. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(96), 1172–1188. https://doi.org/10.52080/RVGLUZ.26.96.11
Drucker, P. F. (2002, August). The Discipline of Innovation. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2002/08/the-discipline-of-innovation
Duarte, T., & Ruiz Tibana, M. (2009). Emprendimiento, una opción para el desarrollo. Scientia et Technica, 3(43). https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.2275
El Peruano. (2021, May 4). Sectores ideales para un emprendimiento. El Peruano. https://elperuano.pe/noticia/120055-sectores-ideales-para-un-emprendimiento
El Peruano. (2023, April 15). Día Mundial del Emprendimiento: Perú es el cuarto país donde más personas emprenden un negocio. El Peruano. https://www.elperuano.pe/noticia/210182-dia-mundial-del-emprendimiento-peru-es-el-cuarto-pais-donde-mas-personas-emprenden-un-negocio
Escobedo, R., Véliz, T., Ballón, J., & Midolo, W. (2020). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention in Administration students of Public Universities of the Macro region of Southern Peru. Revista Innova Educación, 2(1), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.35622/j.rie.2020.01.011
Foss, N. J., & Klein, P. G. (2017). Entrepreneurial Discovery or Creation? In Search of the Middle Ground. Academy of Management Review, 42(4), 733–736. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2016.0046
García-Cabrera, A. M., De La Cruz Déniz-Déniz, M., & Cuéllar-Molina, D. G. (2015). Inteligencia emocional y emprendimiento: posibles líneas de trabajo. Cuadernos de Administración, 28(51), 65–101. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cao28-51.ieep
Garza Cano, A., Hernández Hernández, N. G., & Sánchez Tovar, Y. (2022). Características gerenciales que influyen en el emprendimiento exitoso en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Trascender, Contabilidad y Gestión, 7(21), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.36791/TCG.V7I21SEPT-DIC.179
Goleman, D. (2020). Emotional Intelligence: 25th Anniversary Edition. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., Cunningham, J. A., & Gajón, E. (2018). Determinants of Graduates’ Start-Ups Creation across a Multi-Campus Entrepreneurial University: The Case of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 150–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/JSBM.12366
Hernández, C., & González, D. (2017). Study of the Start-Up Ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Analysis of Interorganizational Networks. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 12(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242017000100008
Hernández Cenzano, C., & González, D. (2021). Study of the Start-Up Ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Challenges on the Way to 2030. Proceedings of the 30th International Conference of the International Association for Management of Technology, IAMOT 2021 - MOT for the World of the Future, 938–952. https://doi.org/10.52202/060557-0072
Huezo-Ponce, L., Fernández-Pérez, V., & Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2021). Emotional competencies and entrepreneurship: modeling universities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(3), 1497–1519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00683-w
Kahneman, D. (2011). Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Debate.
Lara-Bocanegra, A., García-Fernández, J., Gálvez-Ruiz, P., Grimaldi-Puyana, M., & Bohórquez Gómez-Millán, M. R. (2022). Does background matter? Analysis of the influence of sex, socioeconomic status and the existence of an entrepreneurial family member as a precursor to entrepreneurship in university students of Sport Sciences. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 31, 100394. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHLSTE.2022.100394
Lazarte Aguirre, A. (2021). ¿Emprendimiento o startup? Un análisis creativo en el contexto peruano. Economía Creativa, 15, 87–119. https://doi.org/10.46840/EC.2021.15.04
Lazear, E. P. (2005). Entrepreneurship. Journal of Labor Economics, 23(4), 649–680. https://doi.org/10.1086/491605
León-Mendoza, J. C. (2019). Emprendimiento empresarial y crecimiento económico en Perú. Estudios Gerenciales, 35(153), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.18046/J.ESTGER.2019.153.3331
McClelland, D. C. (1988). Human Motivation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139878289
Mendoza, E. Y., Boza, J. A., Escobar, H. E., Cadena, D. I., & Franco, J. (2018). La competencia emprendedora. El desafío de la universidad ecuatoriana: caso Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. Revista Científica Ciencia y Tecnología, 18(20), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47189/RCCT.V18I20.219
Mongrut, S. A., Cruz, V., & Pacussich, D. (2024). Impact of private and public initiatives on individuals’ employment and income during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Peru. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 29(57), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/jefas-08-2023-0230
Morante Davila, M. A., Sánchez Pantaleón, A. J., Cruz Caro, O., Bautista Reyes, E. I., & Escobedo Ocampo, P. (2024). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation of university students, Amazonas, Peru. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 7(3), 901–913. https://doi.org/10.53894/IJIRSS.V7I3.2975
Narro Infante, M. de los Á., Ramos Terrones, M. A., Aguilar-Aragón, N. D., Cedrón Medina, C. A., & Calvanapón-Alva, F. A. (2023). Entrepreneurship in 18 to 30 year-olds in times of pandemic in Northern Peru. LACCEI, 1(8). https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2023.1.1.1164
Nicolás Martínez, C., & Rubio Bañón, A. M. (2020). Emprendimiento en épocas de crisis: Un análisis exploratorio de los efectos de la COVID-19. Small Business International Review, 4(2), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.26784/SBIR.V4I2.279
Núñez Ramírez, M. A., Mercado Salgado, P., & Madrigal Torres, B. E. (2014). Autoestima y Habilidades Emprendedoras en estudiantes de Ciencias Económico-Administrativas de la Universidad de Guadalajara - México. Comuni@cción, 5(2), 13–24. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2219-71682014000200002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Ovalles-Toledo, L. V., Moreno Freites, Z., Olivares Urbina, M. Á., & Silva Guerra, H. (2018). Habilidades y capacidades del emprendimiento: un estudio bibliométrico. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 23(81). https://doi.org/10.37960/revista.v23i81.23477
Patiño, J. D., Ruiz Ariza, A., & Pitre-Redondo, R. (2018). El emprendimiento en Colombia, una respuesta a los retos de competitividad y desarrollo sostenible. Revista Espacios, 39(14), 24. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n14/18391424.html
Pérez-Escoda, N., Bisquerra, R., Filella, G. R., & Soldevila, A. (2010). Construcción del Cuestionario de Desarrollo Emocional de Adultos (QDE=A). REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 21(2), 367–379. https://doi.org/10.5944/REOP.VOL.21.NUM.2.2010.11539
Peters, S. (2021). América Latina después del auge de las materias primas: ¿qué queda del Neo-Extractivismo? Gestión y Ambiente, 24(supl1), 175–200. https://doi.org/10.15446/ga.v24nsupl1.91902
Raunelli, J. C., Power, M., & Galarza, F. (2016). Why do entrepreneurs leave the market? An explanation from experimental economics in Peru. Economia, 39(77), 187–228. https://doi.org/10.18800/ECONOMIA.201601.005
Rhee, K. S., & White, R. J. (2007). The Emotional Intelligence of Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 20(4), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2007.10593408
Rocha, A. K. L. da, Moraes, G. H. S. M. de, & Fischer, B. (2022). The role of university environment in promoting entrepreneurial behavior: evidence from heterogeneous regions in Brazil. Innovation and Management Review, 19(1), 39–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-08-2020-0112
Rutti, R. M., Garcia, F., & Helms, M. M. (2021). Entrepreneurship in Peru: A SWOT analysis. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 42(3), 369–396. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2021.113207
Salinas Ramos, F., & Osorio Bayter, L. (2012). Emprendimiento y Economía Social, oportunidades y efectos en una sociedad en transformación. CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, (75), 129–151. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=17425798008
Sanabria, C., & López Espitia, Y. (2021). Habilidades emprendedoras: importancia, evolución y sub temas emergentes. Una revisión de literatura. Económicas CUC, 42(1), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.17981/ECONCUC.42.1.2021.ORG.4
Schumpeter, J. A. (2010). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. In Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1st ed.). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Capitalism-Socialism-and-Democracy/Schumpeter/p/book/9780415567893
Sierra Bravo, R. (2003). Técnicas de Investigación Social: teoría y ejercicios. Ediciones Paraninfo.
Sousa, M. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship Skills Development in Higher Education Courses for Teams Leaders. Administrative Sciences, 8(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ADMSCI8020018
Stripeikis, O. (2011). Enterprising Business Formation in Lithuanian Small and Medium-Sized Firms. Organizacijų Vadyba: Sisteminiai Tyrimai, (57). https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12259/980
Valdivia, M. (2015). Business training plus for female entrepreneurship? Short and medium-term experimental evidence from Peru. Journal of Development Economics, 113, 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JDEVECO.2014.10.005
Verdesoto Velástegui, O., & Chión Chacón, S. (2021). Emotional competencies and entrepreneurial intention: An extension of the theory of planned behavior case of Ecuador. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1943242
Villena Zapata, L. I., Espinoza Rodriguez, O. A. C., Rabanal-León, H. C., Alva Morales, J., Sevilla Angelaths, M. A., & Acosta Enriquez, B. G. (2024). Digital Entrepreneurship Profiles and Quality of Life in University Students from Northern Peru. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 14(3), 103. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2024-0059
Zampetakis, L. A., Beldekos, P., & Moustakis, V. S. (2009). ''Day-to-day" entrepreneurship within organisations: The role of trait Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Organisational Support. European Management Journal, 27(3), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EMJ.2008.08.003
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Manuel Encarnación Torres Valladares, Eber Moisés Carrillo Yalan, Paulina Eudocia Yarihuaman Walde, Wendy Eliana Delgado
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The authors preserve their authorship and grant the Portuguese Journal of Education the right to the first publication. The work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License that allows sharing the work with the acknowledgment of initial authorship and publication in this Journal.
2. The authors have the right to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the published version of their work (e.g. to deposit in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), acknowledging the initial authorship and publication in this Journal.
3. The authors have the permission and are stimulated to post their work online (e.g. in an institutional repository or on their personal website). They can do this at any phase of the editorial process, as it may generate productive changes, as well as increase impact and article citation (see The Open Citation Project).
The work is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
