Conception de programmes d'études en réseau? Dynamique relationnelle des associations d'enseignants dans l'élaboration des Apprentissage Essentiel au Portugal
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.24086Mots-clés :
Associations d'enseignants, Conception du curriculum, Politiques curriculaires, Analyse des réseaux sociaux, Collaboration entre enseignantsRésumé
L'invitation du Ministère Portugais de l'Éducation aux associations d'enseignants (AEs), en 2016, pour leur participation au processus de définition de les Apprentissage Essentiel (AE) est sans précédent dans le contexte historique et curriculaire portugais, comme dans la plupart des pays du monde. Dans ce texte, nous entendons comprendre la structure sociale et les dynamiques d'interaction créées par les AEs dans la préparation de les AE, en répondant aux questions de recherche suivantes: i) Quels acteurs ont été invités par les AEs dans leurs équipes et quelles relations d'interaction ont-elles établies entre eux?; ii) Quelle dynamique relationnelle les associations des différents domaines disciplinaires ont-elles établie entre elles?
En tant que méthodologie, nous avons privilégié l'analyse des réseaux sociaux (ARS), qui permet de détecter la structure des relations sociales, et leurs schémas d'interaction et de les représenter graphiquement. Nous avons développé un questionnaire d'analyse de réseau qui a été appliqué aux 18 AEs qui ont participé à la préparation des AE.
Les résultats montrent que les AEs constituaient des équipes formées avant tout par des spécialistes de la discipline dans le domaine disciplinaire des AEs. La représentation sociale des connaissances professionnelles par l'AEs dévalorise la connaissance du curriculum. Il y avait aussi peu de collaboration entre les associations dans la préparation des AE, ce qui peut être justifié par la tradition du système éducatif portugais avant la Révolution du 25 avril, qui était soutenue par une logique de travail individuel des enseignants, et par la genèse ou la culture disciplinaire des AEs.
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(c) Tous droits réservés Sílvia Almeida, Joana Viana, Natália Barcelos, Maria do Céu Roldão, Helena Peralta 2023
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